隨著都市化及工業化的發展，人為活動造成的氣溶膠排放已成為大氣中主要的成分。人為排放的氣溶膠對於能見度、降雨、氣候以及人類健康造成顯著的影響。其中，硫酸鹽除了是雲的凝結核之外，也影響酸雨的形成、地表溫度及環境化學。近年來台灣地區的空氣品質受到氣溶膠的影響越趨頻繁。釐清各種氣溶膠的來源及貢獻比例將有助於改善台灣的空氣品質。汙染物以氣溶膠中的水溶性離子形式存在；硫同位素具有區分不同氣溶膠來源的特性。因地域關係，氣溶膠對彭佳嶼與北台灣的效應具有相同的影響。因此，本研究提供採集自北台灣彭佳嶼1998年一月至2000年三月期間的氣溶膠中的水溶性離子及硫同位素組成，結合逆軌跡模式分析結果，討論彭佳嶼的氣溶膠來源及其傳輸路徑，評估各來源的貢獻，並提供初步的台灣地區氣溶膠中的硫同位素資料。在超音波震盪下以超純水萃取水溶性離子，藉由陰離子交換樹脂管柱層析法來純化硫元素。本研究使用感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀(ICP-OES)及四極柱感應耦合電漿質譜儀(ICP-Q-MS)量測水溶性離子濃度。使用多接收器感應耦合電漿質譜儀(MC-ICP-MS)分析純化後樣品中的硫同位素組成。利用已知硫同位素組成(δ34S)的實驗室標準品Alfa-S與國際標準海水樣品IAPSO進行比對，評估本研究量測得到的δ34S資料的可信度。量測IAPSO同位素組成的精確度約在21.18 ± 0.16‰ (2SD，n=3)。水溶性離子及硫同位素組成顯示季節性的變化，反映季風對於氣溶膠來源及傳輸的影響。藉由水溶性離子及硫同位素值的特徵，可以將氣溶膠區分為以下來源：(1)燃煤釋放；(2)燃油燃燒；(3)生物性硫；(4)陸源沙塵；及(5) 海鹽等來源。利用質量平衡公式計算各來源對彭佳嶼的氣溶膠硫的貢獻比例，並討論不同季節的來源變化。受東北季風影響的秋冬季，其主要的氣溶膠來自北中國燒煤取暖的排放，約占了74.4%；燃油產生的氣體，提供約18.1%的氣溶膠；生物性來源僅占了6.5%。受西南季風影響的夏季，其主要受到北台灣地區的燃油排放，約占了75.9%；14.5%的硫來自於生物活動；中國地區的燃油排放及陸源沙塵分別占了9.1%及0.5%的比例。沙塵暴期間的氣溶膠來源則可能來自中國黃土高原中碳酸鹽礦的風化及北中國燃煤的排放。化石燃料的使用對於台灣地區的氣溶膠有很大的貢獻，因此化石燃料的減量將有助於減少氣溶膠的排放並改善空氣品質。北台灣使用的燃油，釋放氣體的硫同位素比值為+4.29‰，為台灣的氣溶膠研究提供初步的硫同位素資料。

Because of the increased industrial and urban development, anthropogenic emissions have become an important contribution to the atmospheric aerosol. Anthropogenic aerosols have greatly impacted on the visibility, rainfall, global climate and human health. Sulfate plays an important role in cloud formation as condensation nuclei. And it has great impact on acid rainfall, surface temperature and environmental chemistry. In recent years, the aerosols affected the air quality is becoming more common in Taiwan. Understanding the aerosol sources and their contributions are helpful for improving the air quality. Most of anthropogenic materials exist in the form of water-soluble (WS) fine particles. Sulfur isotopic compositions can distinguish different sources and their emission contributions. As the location of Peng-Chia-Yu (PCY) is near North Taiwan, the effect of aerosols in PCY can be regarded as that of similar trends in North Taiwan. In this study, we provide the WS ion concentrations and sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34S) in aerosol samples collected during January, 1998 to March, 2000 at PCY. Combining these results with air back trajectory analyses, we discuss the aerosol sources, transportation pathways and their contributions, as well as the preliminary study of sulfur isotopes in Taiwan.
Aerosol samples were soaked in Milli-Q water under ultra-sonication to leaching WS ions, and used the anion exchange resin column method to purifying sulfur. The WS ion concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-Q-MS). δ34S were determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). Sulfur isotopic determination was evaluated with δ34S-known referential materials including in-house standard Alfa-S and seawater standard IAPSO. The analytical uncertainties of δ34S in IAPSO were 21.18 ± 0.16‰ (2SD).
The observed WS ions and δ34S show seasonal variations, reflecting the monsoonal impact on aerosol sources and their transportations. Based on the WS ions and δ34S data, we can divide the different aerosol sources at PCY into: (1) coal combustions; (2) oil combustions; (3) biogenic sources; (4) terrigenous dusts; and (5) marine sea-salts. We estimate their individual contributions by using the mass balance equation and discuss the source variations during different seasons. Coal combustion for heating in North China was the main contribution of aerosol sulfate, account about 74.4%; oil combustion was the secondary source, about 18.1%; biogenic sulfate showed only small contribution (6.5%) in autumn and winter, which strongly affected by northeastern monsoon. Oil combustion derived from North Taiwan and biogenic source were the two major sources of aerosol sulfate, account about 75.9% and 14.5%, respectively. Aerosol sulfate from China oil combustion and terrigenous dust were 9.1% and 0.5%, respectively, during summer, which affected by southwestern monsoon. Aerosols collected at dust storms may came from loess carbonates in Loess Plateau and emission from coal combustion. Consumption of fossil fuels provide large contribution in atmospheric aerosol. Therefore, the reduction in the fossil fuels consumption will be helpful for improvement of the air quality in Taiwan. The released aerosol from oil combustion in Taiwan with a δ34S value of +4.29‰, provide a preliminary study of sulfur isotopes in Taiwan.

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