全球水資源因經濟與工業快速發展，而加劇惡化，乾淨飲用水取得更加困難。地球水資源分佈以97%為海水，因此海水淡化技術成為最重要之水資源之一。海水淡化技術中，電容去離子(capacitive deionization (CDI))是一種電化學方法，具低成本、低耗能、低二次污染等優勢，可應用於去除鹽水中之鹽分、工業用水軟化以及重金屬污染之處理。CDI基本原理是在兩電極之間加入電場，使水中帶有電荷之離子吸附於電極表面形成之電雙層，達到去除水中離子之目的，因此，CDI電極材料之導電性、比表面積及碳材結構等成為關鍵特性。
石墨烯是碳原子sp2軌域組成之六角形晶格結構，具良好導電性，因此將其應用於CDI之電極材料，增加水中離子吸附效率。並以電子顯微鏡、穿透式電子顯微鏡、傅立葉轉換紅外光譜(FTIR)、拉曼光譜、比表面積分析儀(BET)、循環伏安等方法進行特性分析。藉由醣化合物(β-cyclodextrin)螯合形成Cu2+-CD-Ag+錯合物，碳化後生成Cu-Ag@C核殼(core-shell)奈米材料，並以同步輻射光源XANES分析Cu-Ag@C之氧化物比例分佈；另也以小角度X光散射儀(SAXS)分析Cu-Ag@C之奈米粒徑約40~60 nm。
以環境友善之還原劑HMTA，將氧化石墨烯(graphene oxide (GO))還原生成石墨烯(graphene (rGO))。為提升電極導電性與抗菌能力，添加Cu-Ag@C核殼奈米材料製備新型石墨烯電極，應用於CDI進行海水中NaCl之吸附去除實驗。實驗結果顯示添加奈米Cu-Ag@C可明顯提升電極之導電性，而且產生較多碳材之孔洞結構。另外，對於電極抗菌能力，實驗結果顯示大腸桿菌減少，加入奈米核殼材料，可提升電極導電性，也使其具有抗菌之能力。本CDI海水淡化技術研究成果顯示，使用Cu-Ag@C奈米核殼材料，使電極兼具備海水淡化與抗菌之效能。

The total water storage on earth contains 97% of seawater. Seawater is, therefore, becoming the main water resource for drinking water in the near future. Capacitive deionization (CDI) for desalination has advantages of low energy consumption, economical attraction and environmental friendly, which can be applied in removing the salt from brine, industrial water softening, and groundwater metal removal. During CDI, an electric field is applied between two electrodes. The opposed ions are forced toward the electrical double layer (EDL) formed on the electrode surfaces.
Graphene (rGO) having unique thermal, electronic and mechanical properties can be used for the CDI electrodes. In this work, the core-shell nanoparticles dispersed on rGO were prepared and characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, Raman, BET surface area analysis, and cyclic voltammetry. The nano core CuAg encapsulated in carbon-shell having the particles size of 10-15 nm were also determined by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy. CuO and Cu2O in Cu-Ag@C are observed by component-fitted synchrotron X-ray adsorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
The hydrophilic GO was reduced to the hydrophobic rGO with hexamethylene tetramine which is a nontoxic reductant. The specific capacitances of rGO and Cu-Ag@C/rGO are 493 and 716 F/g, respectively. Using the Cu-Ag@C/rGO electrodes for CDI, the NaCl removal efficiency is 35 %, and the regeneration can be completed in a very short time (5 min). Additionally, the disinfection efficiency is as high as 90% in the 4-h contact time. It is clear that the Cu-Ag@C/rGO electrodes have a desirable desalination performance with very high disinfection ability in the CDI process.

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