研究背景與目的：對千禧世代而言，職涯發展困境所帶來的意義感缺失是相當普遍的現況寫照，於是他們便常透過花錢和使用社群媒體來重構自我與生活意義。因此，本研究旨在探討千禧世代於個人社群媒體回顧不同的消費類型貼文（體驗型與物質型）與對該則貼文的低獲讚數態度如何影響其主觀意義感。研究方法：以出生於西元1980年至2000年者為研究對象，採線上問卷實驗法，將參與者隨機分派至五種不同研究情境，共計150人完成。以統計軟體JASP進行資料整理與分析，並以獨立樣本t檢定與二因子共變數分析進行假設檢定，以相關分析、卡方檢定與單因子變異數分析進行主要變項間的關聯探討。研究主要發現：在參與本研究的千禧世代中：（一）相較於沒有在個人社群媒體回顧消費貼文者，有回顧消費貼文者的主觀意義感較高；（二）在社群媒體回顧不同的消費類型貼文對主觀意義感的影響沒有差異；（三）在個人社群媒體回顧消費類型貼文時，對低獲讚數之態度對主觀意義感的影響沒有差異；（四）在個人社群媒體回顧不同消費類型的貼文與對低獲讚數之態度對主觀意義感的影響沒有交互作用；（五）回顧體驗型消費貼文的參與者在「對自我的代表性」與「回憶難忘度」的得分皆高於物質型消費組；兩組在回顧貼文時「包含他人」與「想起此人的正向情緒程度」面向無顯著差異。本研究建議：在個人社群媒體回顧消費貼文時，若能以正向角度看待過去的消費事件，且在回顧歷程中重視消費事件中的相關他人，就可能透過回顧自己在社群媒體的消費貼文重建意義感。體驗型消費不必然比物質型消費能帶來更高程度的正向心理感受，因此人無須太苦惱該把錢花在買體驗或買物質，亦無須介意哪種類型的消費事件較適合發表在個人的社群媒體，因為只要能保持對消費事件的正向解讀，且在回顧消費記憶時想起事件中的相關他人，就可能藉由回首往事，再次感受生活的意義與美好。

This research is to explore the impact on millennials’ sense of subjective meaning toward the low like rate for the consumption type of posts. Participants were randomly assigned to five situations by online questionnaires with t-test and two-way ANCOVA were used for analysis. The results are that those who retrospect consumption posts in personal social media have a higher subjective sense of meaning compared to those who do not, and the different consumption type posts and attitudes towards low likes are no relation to sense of subjective meaning. According to the findings, the key to feel meaningful from reviewing the past posts from social media is to maintain a positive interpretation of the consumption events and recall the relevant others, instead of the consumption type of the posts and attitudes towards low likes.

Adler, A.（2022）。自卑與超越（愛羅譯）。新潮社文化事業有限公司。（原著出版於1927年）
Aral, S.（2021）。宣傳機器：注意力是貨幣，人人都是數位市場商人（許貴運譯）。天下文化。（原著出版於2021年）
Cervone, D. & Pervin, L. A. （2018）。性格心理學：理論與研究（三版）（葉光輝譯）。雙葉書廊。 （原著出版於2017年）
Dankert, J. & Eastwood, J. D. （2022）。無聊心理學（袁銘鈺譯）。橡實文化。（原著出版於2020年）
Dunn, E. & Norton, M. （2014）。快樂錢：買家和賣家必讀的金錢心理學（連育德譯）。天下文化。（原著出版於2014年）
Kassin, S., Fein, S. & Markus, H. R. （2017）。社會心理學 第十版（洪光遠、程淑華、王郁茗譯）。聖智。（原著出版於2017年）
工商時報（2020年11月25日）。Instagram 與千禧世代的反抗。https://ctee.com.tw/bookstore/selection/370803.html
天下雜誌（2021年12月31日）。FB的「按讚」功能是什麼時候發明的？從它誕生的那刻起，就隱含了廣告心機。風傳媒。https://www.storm.mg/lifestyle/4125072？mode=whole
余民寧（2015）。幸福心理學： 從幽谷邁向巔峰之路。心理出版社股份有限公司。
余櫻、景奉杰、楊艷 （2019）。怎樣花錢更幸福？ 購買類型對幸福感的影響。心理學進展，27(12)，2133-2140。https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2019.02133
社群中心（2013年10月3日）。臉書按讚表認同近4成　「讚」漸淪儀式性回應。ETtoday新聞雲。https://www.ettoday.net/news/20131003/277652.htm
吳世家（2017）。與千禧世代同在，擁抱未來行銷新浪潮。https://www.com.cuhk.edu.hk/images/content_people/wu-201709.pdf
林宛瑩、鍾杰蒨（2019年1月7日）。生活不只生存，臺灣千禧世代消費從「意義」入手。龍吟研論。http://ccc.stansfoundation.org/？p=5182
林芳玟（2022年3月21日）。臺灣人追求「小確幸」，是一場複雜細膩的文化過程與心靈結構的轉換。關鍵評論。https://www.thenewslens.com/article/163912
欣傳媒（2020年12月22日）。千禧世代的旅遊口碑行銷學。https://www.xinmedia.com/article/189431
邱子珉（2016）。從「小確幸」現象看臺灣八零後世代的失權。國立交通大學社會與文化研究所。
時報出版（2020年1月28日）。你「按讚」是為了與朋友互動，殊不知它卻是社交毒藥？。未來商務。https://fc.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/487
張宜君（2016）。臺灣產業轉型下的工作機會分布變遷：1978-2012。臺灣社會學刊，60，135-187。https://dx.doi.org/10.6786/TJS.201612_(60).0004
張傑（2012年1月9日）。你的「讚」代表了什麼意義？。科技報橘。https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2012/01/09/the-meaning-of-like/
張鐵志（2016）。燃燒的年代：獨立文化、青年世代與公共精神。印刻。
陳明芬（2021）。Instagram按讚數與貼文類型對社交焦慮及使用行為之影響。國立中山大學行銷傳播管理研究所。
陳煒、郭國慶、陳鳳超（2014）。消費類型影響幸福感的實驗研究述評與啟示。管理評論，12，45-55。http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/jweb_glpl/CN/
曾陶然、徐鳳、蔣獎（2016）。消費者的購買類型與幸福感的關係。中國臨床心理學雜誌，24(2)，352-355。http://www.clinicalpsychojournal.com/Magazine/Show.aspx?ID=142568
黃揚名（2016年3月14日）。心情老被「讚」左右？ 認真你就輸了！。元氣網。https://health.udn.com/health/story/9330/1554092
愛范兒（2019年5月1日）。你永遠戒不掉按讚。數位時代。https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/53118/why-you-cannot-quit-facebook
楊書宜（2019年6月10日）。一個臉書成癮者的告白：「你在臉書上看到的我，並不是真實的我」。換日線。https://crossing.cw.com.tw/article/11836
葉馥瑢（2019年01月13日）。實踐精神生活的「千禧世代」，追求的到底是什麼？。關鍵評論。https://www.thenewslens.com/article/111720
葉馥瑢（2019年11月2日）。千禧世代：實踐精神生活的第一代，開啟「生活循環回充」的商業新動能。龍吟研論。http://ccc.stansfoundation.org/？p=5095
潘令妍、林宛瑩（2018年12月18日）。千禧世代「體驗經濟」風潮，臺灣企業準備好了嗎？。關鍵評論。https://www.thenewslens.com/article/110037
蔣佩庭（2021年2月1日）。沒比較沒傷害？FB擬取消按讚數　學者：貼文內容才是讓人自卑的主因。太報。https://www.taisounds.com/Global/Top-News/China/uid4593716879
韓佩凌、陳柏霖（2017）。正向心理學理論與實務。雙葉書廊有限公司。
徐韻琴（2022年6月17日）。懷舊與幸福感的關係。幸福感中心。http://www.psy.ntu.edu.tw/wellbeing/News_Photo_Content_n_105708_s_108935.html
Aknin, L. B., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 635-652. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0031578
Alkis, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Sat, M. (2017). Development and validation of Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 296-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.011
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Arndt, J., Routledge, C., Greenberg, J., & Sheldon, K. M. (2005). Illuminating the dark side of creative expression: Assimilation needs and the consequences of creative action following mortality salience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1327-1339. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205274690
Aronson, E. (1995). The social animal. H. Freeman.
Barasch, A., Zauberman, G., Diehl, K. (2018). How the Intention to Share Can Undermine Enjoyment: Photo-Taking Goals and Evaluation of Experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(6), 1220-1237. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx112
Baldwin, M., & Landau, M. J. (2014). Exploring nostalgia's influence on psychological growth. Self and Identity, 13(2), 162-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2013.772320
Baldwin, T., Marie Catherine de Marneffe, Han, B., Kim,Y. B., Ritter, A., & Xu, W. (2015). Shared Tasks of the 2015 Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text: Twitter Lexical Normalization and Named Entity Recognition. In Xu, W., Bo Han, B., & Ritter, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Workshop on Noisy User-generated Text (pp. 126-135). Association for Computational Linguistics. http://doi.org/10.18653/v1/W15-4319
Bastos, W. (2019). Now or Never: Perceptions of Uniqueness Induce Acceptance of Price Increases for Experiences More Than for Objects. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 29(4), 584-600. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1099
Bastos, W., & Brucks, M. (2017). How and why conversational value leads to happiness for experiential and material purchases. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(3), 598-612. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucx054
Battista, J., & Almond, R. (1973). The development of meaning in life. Psychiatry, 36, 409 -427. http://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1973.11023774
Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. Guilford Press.
Baumeister, R. F. (2005). Rejected and alone. The Psychologist, 18, 732-735. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-07562-001
Baumgardner, S. R., & Crothers, M. K. (2009). Positive psychology. Pearson Education.
Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the Extended Self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139-168. https://doi.org/10.1086/209154
Bellezza, S., Gino, F., & Keinan, A. (2014). The red sneakers effect： Inferring status and competence from signals of nonconformity. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 35-54. https://doi.org/10.1086/674870
Bhattacharjee, A., & Mogilner, C. (2014). Happiness from ordinary and extraordinary experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1086/674724
Bonebright, C. A., Clay, D. L., & Ankenmann, R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work–life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 469-477. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.47.4.469
Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2018). Comparing conspicuous consumption across different experiential products: Culture and leisure. International Journal of Market Research, 61(4), 430-446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785318799898
Bryant, F., Smart, C. M., & King, S. P. (2005). Using the past to enhance the present: boosting happiness through positive reminiscence. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 227-260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3889-4
Burrow, A. L., & Rainone, N. (2017). How many likes did I get? Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 232-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.005.
Campos, B., Shiota, M. N., Keltner, D., Gonzaga, G. C., Goetz, J. L. (2013). What is shared, what is different? Core relational themes and expressive displays of eight positive emotions. Cognition and Emotion 27(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2012.683852.
Caprariello, P. A., & Reis, H. T. (2013). To do, to have, or to share? Valuing experiences over material possessions depends on the involvement of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(2), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030953
Carter, T. J., & Gilovich, T. (2010). The relative relativity of material and experiential purchases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(1), 146-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017145
Carter, T. J., & Gilovich, T. (2012). I am what I do, not what I have: The differential centrality of experiential and material purchases to the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1304-1317. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027407
Carter, T. J., & Gilovich, T. (2014). Getting the most for the money： The hedonic return on experiential and material purchases. In M. Tatzel (Ed.), Consumption and well-being in the material world (pp. 49-62). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7368-4_3
Carter, T.J. (2014). The Psychological Science of Spending Money. In Mariam Tatzel(Ed.), Consumption and Well-being in the Material World (pp. 213-242). Springer.
Chan, C., & Mogilner, C. (2017). Experiential gifts foster stronger social relationships than material gifts. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(6), 913-931. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucw067
Chamberlain, K., & Zika, S. (1988). Religiosity, life meaning, and well-being: Some relationships in a sample of women. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 27, 411-420. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387379
Cheung, W.-Y., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Hepper, E. G., Arndt, J., & Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2013). Back to the Future: Nostalgia Increases Optimism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(11), 1484-1496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213499187
Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies： Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(Part A), 190-197. httpss://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.011
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Figurski, T. J. (1982). Self-awareness and aversive experience in everyday life. Journal of Personality, 50(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1982.tb00742.x
Davis, F. (1977). Nostalgia, Identity and the Current Nostalgia Wave. Journal of Popular Culture, 11, 2, 414-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1977.00414.x
Debats, D. L., van der Lubbe, P. M., & Wezeman, F. R. A. (1993). On the psychometric properties of the Life Regard Index (LRI): A measure of meaningful life. Personality and Individual Differences, 14, 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(93)90132-M
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x
Duan, J., & Dholakia, R. R. (2017). Posting purchases on social media increases happiness: The mediating roles of purchases’ impact on self and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(5), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-07-2016-1871
Dunn, E. W., Gilbert, D. T., & Wilson, T. D. (2011). If money doesn't make you happy, then you probably aren't spending it right. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 21(2), 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2011.02.002
Elkind, D., & Bowen, R. (1979). Imaginary audience behavior in children and adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 15(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.15.1.38
Eranti, V., & Lonkila, M. (2015). The social significance of the Facebook Like button. First Monday, 20(6). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i6.5505
Frank, R. H. (2004). How not to buy happiness. Daedalus. http://doi.org/10.1162/001152604323049415
Frankl, V. E. (1965). The doctor and the soul: From psychotherapy to logotherapy. Vintage Books
Gallo, I., Townsend, C. & Alegre, I. (2019). Experiential product framing and its influence on the creation of consumer reviews. Journal of Business Research, 98, 177-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.007
Gilovich, T., & Gallo, I. (2019). Consumers’ pursuit of material and experiential purchases: A review. Consumer Psychology Review, 3(1), 20-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/arcp.1053
Gilovich, T., & Kumar, A. (2015). We'll always have Paris: The hedonic payoff from experiential and material investments. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 51, 147-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2014.10.002
Gilovich, T., Medvec, V. H., & Savitsky, K. (2000). The spotlight effect in social judgment: An egocentric bias in estimates of the salience of one's own actions and appearance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.211
Goldman Sachs. (2015). Millenials: Coming of Age. https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/archive/millennials/
Griskevicius, V., Tybur, J. M., & Van den Bergh, B. (2010). Going green to be seen: status, reputation, and conspicuous conservation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 98(3), 392. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0017346
Han, Y. J., Nunes, J. C., & Drèze, X. (2010). Signaling Status with Luxury Goods: The Role of Brand Prominence. Journal of Marketing, 74(4), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.4.015
Harlow, L. L., Newcomb, M. D., & Bentler, P. M. (1986). Depression, self-derogation, substance use, and suicide ideation: Lack of purpose in life as a mediational factor. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 5-21.
Howell, R. T., & Hill, G. (2009). The mediators of experiential purchases: Determining the impact of psychological needs satisfaction and social comparison. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903270993
Jackson, P.S., Moyle, V.F., Piechowski, M.M.(2009). Emotional Life and Psychotherapy of the Gifted in Light of Dabrowski’s Theory. In Shavinina, L.V. (Ed.), International Handbook on Giftedness (pp. 437-465). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6162-2_20
Kihlstrom, J. F., Beer, J. S., & Klein, S. B. (2003). Self and identity as memory. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 68-90). The Guilford Press.
Kumar, A., & Gilovich, T. (2013). We’ll always have Paris: Differential story utility from experiential and material purchases . Manuscript under review
Kumar, A., Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilovich, T. (2014). Waiting for mer‐ lot: Anticipatory consumption of experiential and material pur‐ chases. Psychological Science, 25(10), 1924-1931. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614546556
Kurz, C., Li, G., & Vine, D. J. (2018). Are Millennials Different? Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board. https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2018.080
Layard, R. (2003). Happiness: Has social science a clue?. Centre for Economic Performance.
Leary, M. R., & MacDonald, G. (2003). Individual differences in self-esteem： A review and theoretical integration. In M. R. Leary & J. P. Tangney (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity (pp. 401-418). The Guilford Press.
Lin, R., van de Ven, N., & Utz, S. (2018). What triggers envy on Social Network Sites? A comparison between shared experiential and material purchases. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 271-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.049
Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Hedonic adaptation to positive and negative experiences. In S. Folkman (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of stress, health, and coping (pp. 200-224). Oxford University Press.
Maddi, S. R. (1970). The search for meaning. In M. Page (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 137-186). University of Nebraska Pres.
Marengo, D., Montag, C., Sindermann, C., Elhai, J.D., & Settanni, M. (2021). Examining the links between active Facebook use, received likes, self-esteem and happiness: A study using objective social media data. Telematics Informatics, 58, 101523. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101523
Matz, S. C., Gladstone, J. J., & Stillwell, D. (2016). Money buys happiness when spending fits our personality. Psychological Science, 27(5), 715-725. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616635200
McAdams, D. P. (2001). The Psychology of Life Stories. Review of General Psychology, 5(2), 100-122. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.2.100
Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Hirschberger, G. (2003). The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 20 - 40. http://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0701_2
Mitchell, R. K., Agle, B. R., & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a Theory of Stakeholder Identification and Salience: Defining the Principle of Who and What Really Counts. The Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853-886. https://doi.org/10.2307/259247
Nicolao, L., Irwin, J. R., & Goodman, J. K. (2009). Happiness for sale: Do experiential purchases make consumers happier than material pur‐ chases? Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2), 188-198. https://doi. org/10.1086/597049
Park, C. L., & Folkman, S. (1997). Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology, 1(2), 115-144. http://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.1.2.115
Parnell, B. (2017, June 23). Is Social Media Hurting Your Mental Health? TEDxRyersonU. https：//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Czg_9C7gw0o&ab_channel=TEDxTalks
Pchelin, P., & Howell, R. T. (2014). The hidden cost of value‐seeking: People do not accurately forecast the economic benefits of experiential purchases. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 9(4), 322-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.898316
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010). Positive emotion regulation and well-being: Comapring the impact of eight savoring and dampening strategies. Personalities and Individual Differences, 49, 368-373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.048.
Rosenthal-von der Pütten, A. M., Hastall, M. R., Köcher, S., Meske, C., Heinrich, T., Labrenz, F., & Ocklenburg, S. (2019). “Likes” as social rewards： Their role in online social comparison and decisions to like other people's selfies. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 76-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.017
Rosenzweig, E., & Gilovich, T. (2012). Buyer’s remorse or missed opportunity? Differential regrets for material and experiential purchases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(2), 215-223. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0024999
Routledge, C., Arndt, J., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Hart, C. M., Juhl, J., Vingerhoets, A. J., & Schlotz, W. (2011). The past makes the present meaningful: nostalgia as an existential resource. Journal of personality and social psychology, 101(3), 638-652. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024292
Rudolpha, C. W., Rauvolaa, R. S. & Zacherb, H. (2018). Leadership and generations at work: A critical review. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(1), p. 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.09.004
Saiphoo, A. N., Dahoah Halevi, L., & Vahedi, Z. (2020). Social networking site use and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 153, Article 109639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109639
Scissors, L., Burke, M., Wengrovitz, S.(2016). February. What’s in a Like? Attitudes and behaviors around receiving Likes on Facebook. Proceedings of the 19th ACM conference on computer-supported cooperative work & social computing, 1501-1510. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820066
Sedikides, C., & Wildschut, T. (2022). Nostalgia across cultures. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221091649
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness. Free Press.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Wellbeing. Atria paperbacks.
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012). The challenge of staying happier: Testing the hedonic adaptation prevention model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(5), 670-680. http://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212436400
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The Power of the Like in Adolescence: Effects of Peer Influence on Neural and Behavioral Responses to Social Media. Psychological Science, 27(7), 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616645673
Sherman, L.E., Greenfield, P.M., Hernandez, L.M., Dapretto, M. (2018). Peer influence via Instagram: effects on brain and behavior in adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 89(1), 37-47. http://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12838
Sing, M. (2009). The quality of life in Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research, 92(2), 295-335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9349-x
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 80-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80
Steidle, A., & Werth, L. (2014). In the spotlight: Brightness increases self-awareness and reflective self-regulation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 39, 40-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.007
Thomas, R., & Millar, M. (2013). The effects of material and experiential discretionary purchases on consumer happiness: Moderators and mediators. The Journal of Psychology, 147(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2012.694378
Tomasello, M. (2014). The ultra‐social animal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(3), 187-194. http://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2015
Tully, S. M., Hershfield, H. E., & Meyvis, T. (2015). Seeking lasting enjoyment with limited money: Financial constraints increase preference for material goods over experiences. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(1), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucv007
Valsesia, F. & Diehl, K. (2017). It’s A Brave New World-The Consequences of Consumers’ Self-Disclosure in Online Settings. Advances in Consumer Research, 45, 341-345.
Van Boven, L. (2005). Experientialism, materialism, and the pursuit of happiness. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 132-142. https://doi. org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.132
Van Boven, L., & Gilovich, T. (2003). To do or to have? That is the question. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(6), 1193-1202. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1193
Van Boven, L., Campbell, M. C., & Gilovich, T. (2010). Stigmatizing materialism: On stereotypes and impressions of materialistic and experiential pursuits. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(4), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210362790
Vötter, B.(2020). Crisis of Meaning and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Resilience and Self-Control among Gifted Adults. Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10010015
Walker, J., Kumar, A., & Gilovich, T. (2016). Cultivating gratitude and giving through experiential consumption. Emotion, 16(8), 1126-1136. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000242
Warren, C., & Campbell, M. C. (2014). What makes things cool? How autonomy influences perceived coolness. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 543-563. https://doi.org/10.1086/676680
Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Arndt, J., & Routledge, C. (2006). Nostalgia: content, triggers, functions. Journal of personality and social psychology, 91(5), 975-993. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.975
Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Routledge, C., Arndt, J., & Cordaro, F. (2010). Nostalgia as a repository of social connectedness: The role of attachment-related avoidance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 573-586. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0017597
Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. Guilford Press.
Yao, G., Cheng, Y.P., & Cheng, C.P. (2009). The quality of life in Taiwan. Social Indicators Research, 92(2), 377-404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9353-1
Yu, Y., Jing, F. J., Su, C. T., Zhou, N., & Nguyen, B. (2016). Impact of material vs. experiential purchase types on happiness: The moderating role of self-discrepancy. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 15(6), 571-579. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1598
Zhou, X., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, C., & Gao, D.-G. (2008). Counteracting loneliness: On the restorative function of nostalgia. Psychological Science, 19, 1023-1029. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02194.x
Zimbardo, P. G., & Boyd, J. N. (1999). Putting time in perspective: a valid, reliable individual-difference metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1271