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研究生： 張亞倫
Chang, Yea-Luen
論文名稱： Sn-Bi及Sn-Zn系無鉛銲錫振動破壞之Bi含量效應探討
A Study of Bi Contents on the Vibration Fracture Characteristics of Sn-Bi and Sn-Zn Lead-Free Solder Alloys
指導教授： 陳立輝
Chen, Li-Hui
呂傳盛
Lui, Truan-Sheng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 材料科學及工程學系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2004
畢業學年度： 92
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 97
中文關鍵詞： 振動破壞 、無鉛銲錫
外文關鍵詞： Sn-Zn-Bi, vibration, Sn-Zn, solder, Sn-Bi
相關次數： 點閱：96  下載：2 
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    • 　　銲錫材料於使用上可能因遭遇機械振動而產生損害，如何提高銲錫材料於制振能力及振動壽命值得探討。本研究針對二元Sn-xBi (x=10, 30, 58wt%，分別以10Bi、30Bi及58Bi表示)、Sn-xZn (x=7, 9, 11, 13wt%，分別以S7Z、S9Z、S11Z、S13Z表示)以及三元Sn-8Zn-xBi (x=3, 6wt%，分別以S83、S86表示)及Sn-xZn-3Bi (x=5, 8, 11wt%，分別以S53、S83、S113)等四組銲錫合金於共振狀態下進行振動測試，以理解組成及組織特徵對Sn-Zn-Bi系統共振破壞性質的影響。
    　　根據實驗結果，Sn-xBi合金中，共晶組成58Bi試片具最佳制振性及等出力值條件下共振壽命；而在相近起始偏移量測試之共振壽命，則以30Bi最佳、10Bi次之，58Bi最差，此二現象均與該58Bi試片具連續Sn/Bi介面有關。
    Sn-xZn系統之制振性卻以共晶組織之S9Z為最差，使得其於等出力值下之共振壽命最小。合金中以S13Z可獲得最大的共振壽命，其次分別為S7Z＞S11Z＞S9Z；另在相近起始偏移量下，共振壽命順序則為S7Z＞S9Z＞S13Z＞S11Z。此合金系統之微細共晶組織不利於基地變形使得振動能消散不易。此外，粗大初晶Zn雖有助於制振，卻會導致裂縫生成、加速裂縫傳播。
    　　Sn-8Zn-xBi合金之制振性及等出力條件共振壽命順序均為S9Z＞S83＞S86。另於Sn-xZn-3Bi合金之制振性等出力值之共振壽命隨著Zn含量提升而增加。上述結果顯示，對於Sn-Zn-Bi三元系統，Zn含量提升有助於制振性及等出力條件共振壽命，Bi含量之效應則相反。值得一提的是，Sn-5Zn-3Bi裂縫有沿初晶Sn及共晶Sn-Zn相界傳播的趨勢。

    　　Given that plastic deformation, even failure, may occur due to vibration, in particular when the vibration frequency meets the resonant vibration of the structure, the vibration fracture resistance of the solder should be taken into consideration during alloy design. To realize the effect of alloying and microstructural characteristics on the vibration properties of the Sn-Zn-Bi system, this study aimed to explore the vibration fracture behaviors of binary Sn-xBi (x=10, 30, 58wt%) and Sn-xZn (x=7, 9, 11, 13wt%) solder alloys, as well as ternary Sn-8Zn-xBi (x=3 and 6wt%) and Sn-xZn-3Bi(x=5, 8, 11wt%).
    　　Experimental results show that as for the Sn-xBi alloys, eutectic Sn-58Bi possesses superior damping capacity, greater vibration life under constant force conditions, but inferior vibration fracture resistance under constant initial deflection (ID) conditions. This can be ascribed to the continuous Sn/Bi interfaces, which absorb vibration energy via interphase sliding and provide convenient path for crack propagation.
    　　Sn-9Zn has a poor damping capacity among the Sn-xZn alloys. The vibration fracture resistance under constant force conditions decreases in turn from Sn-13Zn, Sn-7Zn, Sn-11Zn to Sn-9Zn, and that under constant ID conditions in decreasing order is Sn-7Zn, Sn-9Zn, Sn-13Zn and Sn-11Zn. Fine eutectic Sn-Zn structure is difficult to deform and thus leads to low damping capacity. Interestingly, massive primary Zn contributes to increased damping capacity but causes crack initiation and quick propagation.
    　　As for Sn-8Zn-xBi alloys, the damping capacity and vibration life under constant force conditions in the decreasing order is Sn-9Zn, Sn-8Zn-3Bi, and then Sn-8Zn-6Bi. In addition, as to the effect of Zn on the vibration properties of Sn-xZn-3Bi alloys, both the damping capacity and vibration life under constant force conditions decrease in turn from Sn-11Zn-3Bi, Sn-8Zn-3Bi to Sn-5Zn-3Bi. That is to say, Zn has positive effect while Bi shows negative effect to the aforementioned properties. Notably, the main crack of the Sn-5Zn-3Bi tends to propagate along the phase boundaries between proeutectic Sn and Sn-Zn eutectics.

    中文摘要........................................Ⅰ 英文摘要........................................Ⅱ 總目錄..........................................Ⅳ 表目錄..........................................Ⅶ 圖目錄..........................................Ⅷ 第一章 前言......................................1 第二章 文獻回顧..................................3 2-1 軟銲(soldering)技術與銲錫材料................3 2-2 銲錫合金系統.................................4 2-2-1 二元銲錫系統...............................4 2-2-2 Sn-Zn-x系三元銲錫系統......................6 2-2-3 時效行為...................................7 2-3 振動特性.....................................8 2-3-1 共振狀態及共振頻率.........................8 2-3-2 阻泥與制振性...............................9 2-3-3 D-N曲線與振動壽命.........................10 2-3-4 裂縫破壞特徵及傳播行為....................11 2-3-5 銲錫振動之變形破壞行為....................13 第三章 實驗方法.................................21 3-1合金熔煉及澆鑄試片...........................21 3-2 時效處理....................................21 3-3金相觀察及解析...............................21 3-4 硬度試驗硬度試驗............................22 3-5 拉伸試驗....................................22 3-6 振動破壞驗..................................22 3-6-1試片尺寸規格及設備振動.....................22 3-6-2振動疲勞測試...............................23 3-6-3裂縫路徑解析...............................23 3-6-4 對數衰減率(δ)之量測......................24 3-7 研究架構....................................24 第四章 實驗結果.................................32 4-1 Sn-Bi合金之Bi含量效應探討...................32 4-1-1微觀組織...................................32 4-1-2 硬度量測與拉伸性質........................32 4-1-3 振動破壞特性..............................32 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................32 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............33 4-2 Sn-Zn合金之Zn含量效應釐清...................34 4-2-1微觀組織...................................34 4-2-2 拉伸性質..................................34 4-2-3 振動破壞特性..............................35 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................35 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............35 4-3 Sn-Zn-Bi合金之合金添加效應探討..............36 4-3-1 Sn-Zn-xBi合金之Bi含量效應探討.............36 4-3-1-1微觀組織.................................36 4-3-1-2 拉伸性質................................36 4-3-1-3 振動破壞特性............................37 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................37 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............37 4-3-2 Sn-xZn-Bi合金之Zn含量效應探討.............38 4-3-2-1微觀組織.................................38 4-3-2-2 拉伸性質................................38 4-3-2-3 振動破壞特性............................38 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................38 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............39 第五章 討論.....................................71 5-1組織特性與拉伸性質之關係.....................71 5-2 Sn-Bi、Sn-Zn及Sn-Zn-Bi合金之共振壽命........71 5-3組織特徵對振動破壞特性之影響.................73 5-3-1 Sn-Bi及Sn-Zn-xBi合金......................73 5-3-1-1 Sn-Bi合金...............................73 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................73 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............73 5-3-1-2 Sn-Zn-Bi合金............................74 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................74 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............74 5-3-1-3 Bi含量效應..............................75 5-3-2 Sn-Zn及Sn-xZn-Bi合金......................75 5-3-2-1 Sn-Zn合金...............................75 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................75 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............76 5-3-2-2 Sn-Zn-Bi合金............................76 (a) 對數衰減率及D-N曲線特徵.....................76 (b) 經振動後之表面裂縫及破斷面解析..............77 5-3-2-3 Zn含量效應..............................77 5-4 Sn-Zn-Bi合金性質探討........................78 第六章 結論.....................................87 參考資料........................................89

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