隨著城市化與人口增加，城市生活污水處理量及污泥產生量不斷上升，污泥中含有大量污染物(如有機物和重金屬)，常見的處理方式包括掩埋、焚燒和堆肥。然而，這些方法存在處理成本高或環境風險大的問題。近年隨著工業化的進行與環境保護意識抬頭，有更多經人工產出的新興污染物受到重視，污泥中殘留的全氟及多氟烷基物質(PFAS)因其難降解性，會進一步累積於環境中，對人類健康及生態系統構成潛在威脅。現有去除 PFAS 的技術成本高且效率有限，亟需探索低成本、環保的解決方案。
研究發現，黑水虻幼蟲可有效處理城市污水污泥，並對污泥中有機物轉化為成長所需養分，其中活性污泥之去除效率相較發酵污泥要佳。在不同養料中，柳橙果皮與活性污泥的 50%混合比例對幼蟲的生長效果最佳，能顯著提高幼蟲的體長和重量，同時提升污泥中有機質的去化率。活性污泥作為基質養料表現出優於發酵污泥的效果，展示出其潛在應用價值。
對以黑水虻處理之污泥中 PFAS 含量進行分析，結果顯示，污泥中部分指標性PFAS(如 PFOA、PFOS)在黑水虻處理過程中有一定程度的減少，幼蟲體內也檢測到部分累積。然而，PFAS 的去除效率受限於其多樣物種的個別化學結構特徵，仍需進一步研究其生物吸附與降解機制。
本研究證明黑水虻幼蟲可作為處理都市污水污泥的潛在生物技術，並對污泥中PFAS 濃度有一定的降低作用。然而，關於以此方法進行減量處理過後殘留物的再利用途徑，由於將黑水虻幼蟲脂質用於生質柴油生產的效率較低，不具經濟效益，以直接燃燒產生熱值的方式進行處理，較能作為廢棄物能源化利用的實際方案。殘留物在其他資源化上之用途，仍須進一步的討論與研究。

Urbanization and population growth have increased sewage sludge production, posing environmental risks due to its pollutant concentration, including recalcitrant per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Traditional sludge treatment methods like landfilling and incineration are costly and environmentally problematic. This study explores black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae as a potential bioremediation agent. Larvae effectively process sludge organic matter, converting it into nutrients for growth. Activated sludge proved a superior larval substrate compared to fermented sludge, particularly a 50% orange peel and activated sludge mix, which optimized larval growth and organic matter removal. While black soldier fly larvae treatment demonstrably reduced some PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) levels in the sludge, other PFAS accumulated in the larvae, highlighting the need for further research into PFAS biosorption and degradation mechanisms due to their diverse chemical structures. Although this method offers a promising biotechnological approach for sludge treatment and partial PFAS reduction, the low economic viability of biodiesel production from larval lipids necessitates exploring alternative resource recovery options for post-treatment residuals.

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