Fish diversity is an important feature of the river ecosystems and can be used to measure the health of river ecosystems. Environmental variables, such as water quality, can affect distribution of fish species and then the diversity. There are several main objectives of this study: (1) to determine the relationship between the alpha diversity of fish species and water quality variables (pH, DO, and conductivity); (2) to investigate the relationship between the beta diversity of fish species and water quality; and (3) to use autecology to discuss the relationship between beta diversity and water quality. Water quality and fish abundance of 11 major rivers were compiled from government publications. Detailed examination indicated a concave relationship between alpha diversity and pH value, a positive correlation between alpha diversity and DO, and a negative correlation between alpha diversity and conductivity. The different grouping by fish species and by water pollution parameters suggests water quality does not affect to beta diversity of fish species among 11 rivers. A non-significant correlation between species similarity and Euclidian distance between water quality variables also suggests no relationship between water quality and beta diversity. The autecological analysis of grouping results of fish similarity shows a preference of the same food source (i.e., aquatic invertebrates or algae) within groups, which suggests a strong linkage between food sources and beta diversity.

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