本篇論文主要探討漢語觸覺詞固定語式中的情緒表達，以及其所呈現出傳統東方文化中男、女的性別角色。而所要研究的主題可分為三類：(1) 漢語觸覺詞固定語式是如何映射到各種不同的概念以及情緒上？ (2) 能否在漢語觸覺詞固定語式中看出對於性別的刻板印象呢？ (3) 從這些概念隱喻的認知系統中，又能看出什麼樣的文化背景呢？
漢語觸覺詞固定語式包含了「手」以及其他觸覺相關詞，也就是以「手」為部首的字。本篇研究所分析的語料主要來自中研院現代漢語平衡語料庫、教育部線上國語辭典，以及林語堂當代漢英辭典電子版。
本文主要分為三個部分。第一部份以Lakoff 和 Johnson (1980) 提出的概念隱喻以及轉喻為基礎，又以Heine, Claudi, 和 Hünnemeyer (1991) 的概念的語言編碼來看譬喻基底的機制，來源域與目標域的映照關係。第二部份以概念隱喻以及轉喻為基礎，輔以Johnson (1987) 的意象圖式以及Huang (2007) 的理論來觀察漢語觸覺詞固定語式中的情緒譬喻現象。第三部份以歷史上的中國社會背景對於男女角色的期待來呼應本文的發現。
研究發現，關於「手」的隱喻用法，其隱喻抽象過程集中在它的功能以及外型，而非位置或是時間層面。在情緒方面，可以分類出所有Parrot (2001) 所歸類的基本情緒。以Huang (2007) 的四大基本要素來看，生理的反應是最常被用來描述情緒的機制。除此之外，也發現某些與觸覺詞共同出現的身體器官，會特別用在描述特定的情緒中。漢語觸覺詞固定語式中關於傳統東方男、女性別角色的現象顯示出性別歧視的觀念深植於語言使用者的背景文化以及語言本身。而這性別歧視的觀念藉著語言的使用與流傳，繼續傳給了下一代的子孫。這符合Lakoff (1975) 曾提出「女人受到語言的不平等對待」的主張。

This study aims to find out the emotions and gender stereotypes in Mandarin tactile perception expressions. The analysis is based on four theories. They are respectively the theory of conceptual metaphor and metonymy proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), Johnson’s (1987) theory of image schemata, the linguistic coding of concepts, which reveal the relationship between source and target domain in metaphors by Heine, Claudi, and Hünnemeyer (1991), and Huang’s (2007) four emotional frame elements. In order to explore and demonstrate the interaction and relationship of physical experience to internal states, three research questions are addressed: (1) How do tactile perception expressions map into different kinds of concepts and emotions? What concepts in the target domain are signified via metaphorical mapping? (2) Is there any gender stereotype or bias in tactile perception expressions? (3) How does the metaphorically conceptual system reflect Chinese conceptual model of emotion and gender concepts?
In the present study, we focus on the metaphorical expressions containing characters denoting hands, touching, and other expressions related to tactile perception. Basically, they all contain the “hand” radical. The linguistic data are gathered mostly from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Mandarin Chinese, Web edition of Lin Yutang’s Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, and Web edition of Ministry of Education Chinese Dictionary.
The findings are divided into three parts. First, the tactile perception expressions are examined based on Heine et al.’s (1991) linguistic coding of concepts to find out how tactile perception expressions were mapped into different kinds of concepts. In addition, through the mechanism of metaphor, metonymy and the image schemata, the tactile perception expressions are found to map into different kinds of emotions. With Huang’s (2007) theory, tactile perception expressions are examined to see how emotions are conveyed through the four emotional elements. Finally, the gender roles in Chinese social background throughout history are presented to correspond with our findings.
Findings reveal that metaphor abstraction about hands focuses on its function and shape rather than on its position or time reference. The emotions involved include all basic emotions categorized by Parrot (2001). In terms of Huang’s (2007) emotional frame elements, the physiological reaction, the Effect, is used to describe emotions the most. We also find some interesting facts about the expressions with other body parts collocated with the tactile perception characters. As for the gender issues reflected in tactile perception expressions, we find that the gender-biased concepts are everywhere in the language uses and were passed down from generation to generation. Our finding conforms to Lakoff’s (1975) suggestion that women undergo language discrimination.

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