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研究生：	鄭山川 Cheng, Shan-Chuan
論文名稱：	改善感測網路生命期之感測器最佳探測範圍調整方法 An Optimal Probing Range Adjustment Approach for Sensor Nodes to Improve the Lifetime of a Sensor Network
指導教授：	郭燿煌 Kuo, Yau-Hwang
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering
論文出版年：	2004
畢業學年度：	92
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	57
中文關鍵詞：	能源管理、生命期、感測網路
外文關鍵詞：	power management, sensor network, lifetime
相關次數：	點閱：100 下載：1
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　　由於微型感測器和無線技術的進步，使得小而精巧並且可以用在在大範圍環境監控應用程式的感測器得以被發展出來。因為感測器能源的有限，如何有效率地使用能量一直是無線感測器網路研究中一個重要的議題。電源管理是一種籍由關掉不必要的感測器去節省不必要能量消耗的能源節省協定。PEAS (Probing Environment and Adaptive Sleeping) 是一個有效的能源管理協定，它能減少能量的消耗並且讓工作點(working nodes)保持在一個均勻的分佈。但是在PEAS理論中沒有指示如何調整一個跟感測網路生命期(lifetime of the sensor network)息息相關的探測範圍(probing range)。
　　在這篇論文中我們提出了兩個方法:“static PEAS-AP”和“dynamic PEAS-AP”去調整探測範圍並且有效地延長感測網路生命期到最大。Static PEAS-AP適用在每個感測器資料流量都很平均的感測器網路。它使用一個數學模組去分析生命期並找出能讓生命期最大化的探測範圍。在感測器部署下去之前，把每個感測器都設定成這個探測範圍，之後感測網路生命期就能有效地延長。Dynamic PEAS-AP適用在每個感測器資料流量不平均的感測網路。在感測器部署下去之後，每個感測器依照自己和基地台(base station)之間的距離去動態整調自己的探測範圍。在最後在模擬中顯示，使用static PEAS-AP和dynamic PEAS-AP的感測網路生命期會比在PEAS中盲目的選擇探測範圍的感測網路生命期好得多。

　　Advances in micro-sensor and wireless technology enable small but smart sensors to be developed for wide range of environmental monitoring applications. Since the limited energy of sensors, how to efficiently use energy is always an important issue in the wireless sensor networks. Power management is a kind of energy saving protocol, which turns off some unnecessary sensor nodes to save the unnecessary energy consumption. PEAS (Probing Environment and Adaptive Sleeping) is an effective power management protocol that reduce energy consumption and keep working nodes in a uniform distribution. But, PEAS do not indicate how to adjust the probing range which concerns the lifetime of sensor network.
　　In this thesis, we propose two approaches: “static PEAS-AP” and “dynamic PEAS-AP” to adjust the probing range and efficiently extend the lifetime of sensor network to maximum. The static PEAS-AP is suitable for uniform traffic sensor network. It uses a mathematical model to analyze the lifetime of network and find the optimal probing range that can extend lifetime to maximum. Before deploying sensors, it sets all sensors to identical optimal probing range and then lifetime of the sensor network will be extended to longer. The dynamic PEAS-AP is suitable for non-uniform traffic sensor network. It dynamic adjusts the probing range according to the distance between sensor nodes and base station after the sensors are deployed. In our simulation, the lifetimes of static PEAS-AP and dynamic PEAS-AP are much better than that of blind selection of probing range in PEAS.

Chapter 1.Introduction........................................................1
1 Wireless sensor network ................................................1
1.1 Characteristics of sensor network ..................................2
1.2 Scenarios of sensor networks........................................3
1.3 Classification of sensor network communications ....................5
2 Motivation..............................................................6
3 Thesis organization ....................................................7
Chapter 2. Background ........................................................8
1 Energy issue ...........................................................8
1.1 Energy-efficient routing in sensor network .........................9
1.1.1 Multi-hop routing...............................................9
1.1.2 Hierarchical routing ...........................................11
2 Energy saving protocol .................................................12
2.1 ASCENT an energy saving protocol in sensor network .................12
3 PEAS....................................................................14
3.1 Introduction of PEAS................................................14
3.2 PEAS design ........................................................15
Chapter 3. Analysis of PEAS...................................................18
1 Basic idea of improving PEAS ...........................................18
1.1 Lifetime of sensor network .........................................19
2 Numerical analysis of lifetime of PEAS..................................19
2.1 Assumption of PEAS model ...........................................20
2.2 Coverage ...........................................................21
2.2.1 Maximum coverage and minimum coverage...........................23
3.2 Expected value of neighbor distance and coverage area ..............24
2.4 Energy consumption model ...........................................25
2.5 Lifetime of PEAS....................................................27
2.5.1 Valid value of the lifetime function ...........................27
Chapter 4. Extended PEAS with adjustable probing range approach: PEAS-AP .....29
1 Static probing range adjustment approach of PEAS-AP ....................29
1.1 Radio propagation models and energy parameters .....................30
1.2 Optimal probing range in PEAS ......................................32
1.3 Static PEAS-AP .....................................................35
2 Dynamic probing range adjustment approach of PEAS-AP....................35
2.1 Data rate of sensor nodes ..........................................36
2.2 Lifetime of non-uniform traffic multi-hop sensor network ...........39
2.3 Dynamic PEAS-AP.....................................................40
Chapter 5. Analysis of simulation result......................................43
1 Simulation environment..................................................43
2 Static PEAS-AP result and analysis......................................45
2.1 Free space propagation model .......................................45
2.2 Two-ray-ground propagation model ...................................47
3 Dynamic PEAS-AP.........................................................51
Chapter 6. Conclusion and Future works........................................54
1 Conclusion .............................................................54
2 Future works ...........................................................55
References....................................................................56
                                    

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校內：立即公開
校外：2004-08-25公開

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