背景：惡性蕈狀傷口- Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFWs)發生在轉移性腫瘤患者中，由於傷口具有無法控制症狀的特性，因此容易造成病人嚴重的心理社交問題，降低其生活品質。惡性蕈狀傷口不僅對病人造成影響，也對照顧者和醫護人員產生巨大衝擊。現有與惡性蕈狀傷口的文獻主要著重於病人，較少探討護理師在照顧這類患者時的經驗、影響及需求。
目的：本研究探討台灣護理師照顧惡性蕈狀傷口患者的經驗。
研究方法：本研究採用描述性現象學方法進行質性研究，共招募了15名護理師進行訪談，訪談資料以Colaizzi的分析方法進行分析。
結果：研究結果分成四個主題：（1）難以預測的恐懼，（2）專業形象的維持，（3）無助的感受，（4）負面情緒的合理化。上述主題顯示護理師在照顧患者身體症狀的情緒苦惱，也發現護理師用盡全力為患者提供舒適的努力。此外，他們對惡性蕈狀傷口不可治愈的狀況感到無助，並發展相關的策略壓抑照顧病人過程中所引發的情緒。
結論：研究結果表顯示需要關注護理師在照顧惡性蕈狀傷口患者時的心理健康。建議未來的研究應該更進一步了解護理師面對照顧上的困難以及無助感的應對方式，以關注他們的心理需求。

BACKGROUND: Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFWs) occur in patients with metastatic tumors whose uncontrollable symptoms result in serious psychosocial issues, thereby reducing the quality of life. Not only patients, MFWs also bring an enormous impact on caregivers, including healthcare personnel. While existing studies are mostly patient-focused, the impact of care experiences and associated support for nurses are rarely emphasized.

PURPOSE: This study explored the experiences in caring for patients with MFWs among nurses in Taiwan.

METHODS: A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted. Fifteen nurses were recruited and interviewed. Data were analyzed by Colaizzi's method.

RESULTS: Four themes were identified to describe the phenomenon: (1) Scare of Unpredictability (2) Maintain Professionalism (3) Feel Helpless (4) Rationalize the Negatives. The themes illustrated the distress of managing physical symptoms and highlighted how nurses strived to promote comfort for patients. On the contrary, they felt helpless about the incurable nature of MFWs and found a way to suppress the feelings.

CONCLUSION: The findings suggested the need for addressing the emotional well-being of nurses who take care of patients with MFWs. We suggest future studies in understanding various coping strategies for nurses' well-being.

Alexander, S. (2009a). Malignant fungating wounds: key symptoms and psychosocial issues. J Wound Care, 18(8), 325-329. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18.8.43631
Alexander, S. (2009b). Malignant fungating wounds: managing pain, bleeding and psychosocial issues. J Wound Care, 18(10), 418-425. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18.10.44603
Alexander, S. J. (2010). An intense and unforgettable experience: the lived experience of malignant wounds from the perspectives of patients, caregivers and nurses. Int Wound J, 7(6), 456-465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481X.2010.00715.x
Andela, M., & Truchot, D. (2017). Emotional Dissonance and Burnout: The Moderating Role of Team Reflexivity and Re-Evaluation [https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2695]. Stress and Health, 33(3), 179-189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2695
Andela, M., Truchot, D., & Doef, M. (2015). Job Stressors and Burnout in Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Emotional Dissonance. International Journal of Stress Management, 22. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000013
AREE. (n.d.). About – Our Services. Center for Taiwan Academic Research Ethics Education. https://ethics.moe.edu.tw/intro_en/
Association, A. N. (2016). Code of ethics with interpretive statements. 2015. In.
Barnett, M., Hays, K., & Cantu, C. (2019). Compassion fatigue, emotional labor, and emotional display among hospice nurses. Death Studies, 46, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2019.1699201
Cao, H., Song, Y., Wu, Y., Du, Y., He, X., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., & Yang, H. (2023). What is nursing professionalism? a concept analysis. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01161-0
Chan, H. Y., Lee, L. H., & Chan, C. W. (2013). The perceptions and experiences of nurses and bereaved families towards bereavement care in an oncology unit. Support Care Cancer, 21(6), 1551-1556. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-012-1692-4
Chuang, W. L., & Hsieh, S. T. (2009). [Nurse's experience caring for a patient with malignant fungating wound with enterocutaneous fistula]. Hu Li Za Zhi, 56(1), 91-95.
Ciezar-Andersen, S., & King-Shier, K. (2020). Detriments of a Self-Sacrificing Nursing Culture on Recruitment and Retention: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 53(3), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562120908747
Cornish, L. (2019). Holistic management of malignant wounds in palliative patients. Br J Community Nurs, 24(Sup9), S19-s23. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.Sup9.S19
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=Pz5RvgAACAAJ
Diefendorff, J. M., Erickson, R. J., Grandey, A. A., & Dahling, J. J. (2011). Emotional display rules as work unit norms: a multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses. J Occup Health Psychol, 16(2), 170-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021725
Dowling, M. (2007). From Husserl to van Manen. A review of different phenomenological approaches. Int J Nurs Stud, 44(1), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.026
Dowsett, C. (2002). Malignant fungating wounds: assessment and management. Br J Community Nurs, 7(8), 394-400. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2002.7.8.10641
Finlayson, C. S., Fu, M. R., Squires, A., Applebaum, A., Van Cleave, J., O'Cearbhaill, R., & DeRosa, A. P. (2019). The Experience of Being Aware of Disease Status in Women with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Phenomenological Study. J Palliat Med, 22(4), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2018.0127
Firmino, F., & Alcântara, L. (2014). Nurses in the provision of outpatient care for women with malignant fungating wounds in the breasts. Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste, 15. https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2014000200015
Forero, R., Nahidi, S., De Costa, J., Mohsin, M., Fitzgerald, G., Gibson, N., McCarthy, S., & Aboagye-Sarfo, P. (2018). Application of four-dimension criteria to assess rigour of qualitative research in emergency medicine. BMC Health Serv Res, 18(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2915-2
Gethin, G. (2011). Management of malodour in palliative wound care. British journal of community nursing, 16, S28-36. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2011.16.Sup9.S28
Gethin, G., McIntosh, C., & Probst, S. (2016). Complementary and alternative therapies for management of odor in malignant fun gating wounds: a critical review. Chronic Wound Care Management and Research, 3, 51-57. https://doi.org/10.2147/CWCMR.S85472
Gibson, S., & Green, J. (2013). Review of patients' experiences with fungating wounds and associated quality of life. Journal of Wound Care, 22(5), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2013.22.5.265
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research. The Qualitative Report, 8, 597-607. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2003.1870
Grocott, P., Gethin, G., & Probst, S. (2013). Malignant wound management in advanced illness: new insights. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 7(1), 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0b013e32835c0482
HA. (2022). Post-registration Certificate Course in Stoma and Wound Care Nursing. Hospital Authority. https://www26.ha.org.hk/CourseOutline/F4199_00001_001.pdf
Hadjittofi, M., Gleeson, K., & Arber, A. (2020). The experience of disgust by healthcare professionals: A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud, 110, 103720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103720
Hagelin, C. L., Melin-Johansson, C., Henoch, I., Bergh, I., Ek, K., Hammarlund, K., Prahl, C., Strang, S., Westin, L., Österlind, J., & Browall, M. (2016). Factors influencing attitude toward care of dying patients in first-year nursing students. Int J Palliat Nurs, 22(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2016.22.1.28
Hawthorn, M. (2010). Caring for a patient with a fungating malignant lesion in a hospice setting: reflecting on practice. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 16(2), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2010.16.2.46752
HKETA. (2019). HKETA WOUND CARE COURSE. Hong Kong Enterostomal Therapists Association. https://etnurse.com.hk/hketa-wound-care-course/
Hodges, B. D., Ginsburg, S., Cruess, R., Cruess, S., Delport, R., Hafferty, F., Ho, M.-J., Holmboe, E., Holtman, M., Ohbu, S., Rees, C., Ten Cate, O., Tsugawa, Y., Van Mook, W., Wass, V., Wilkinson, T., & Wade, W. (2011). Assessment of professionalism: Recommendations from the Ottawa 2010 Conference. Medical Teacher, 33(5), 354-363. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2011.577300
Hoeve, Y. t., Jansen, G., & Roodbol, P. (2014). The nursing profession: public image, self-concept and professional identity. A discussion paper [https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12177]. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(2), 295-309. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12177
Holloway, I., & Galvin, K. (2016). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley & Sons.
Holloway, I., & Wheeler, S. (2010). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare / ImmyHolloway, Stephanie Wheeler.
Huang, Y. L., Yates, P., & Prior, D. (2009). Factors influencing oncology nurses' approaches to accommodating cultural needs in palliative care. J Clin Nurs, 18(24), 3421-3429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02938.x
Karadag, E., Parlar Kilic, S., Ugur, O., & Akyol, M. A. (2019). Attitudes of Nurses in Turkey Toward Care of Dying Individual and the Associated Religious and Cultural Factors. J Relig Health, 58(1), 303-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0657-4
Kim, H. W., Kim, D. H., Kim, Y. H., Lee, E. J., Kang, S. Y., Lee, D. B., & Kim, Y. (2019). Clinical nurses' awareness and caring experiences for patients with cervical cancer: A qualitative study. PLoS One, 14(5), e0217201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217201
Kinman, G., & Leggetter, S. (2016). Emotional Labour and Wellbeing: What Protects Nurses? Healthcare (Basel), 4(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare4040089
Ko, E., Higgins, D., & Roh, S. (2013). Do Older Korean Immigrants Engage in End-of-Life Communication? Educational Gerontology, 39, 613-622. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2012.706471
Kovacs, M., Kovacs, E., & Hegedu, K. (2010). Emotion work and burnout: cross-sectional study of nurses and physicians in Hungary. Croat Med J, 51(5), 432-442. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2010.51.432
Kr, P. (2022). Application of Colaizzi’s Method of Data Analysis in Phenomenological Research. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i2.2800
Lazelle-Ali, C. (2007). Psychological and physical care of malodorous fungating wounds. Br J Nurs, 16(15), S16-24. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2007.16.Sup3.24528
Leadbeater, M. (2016). Assessment and treatment of fungating, malodorous wounds. Br J Community Nurs, 21 Suppl 3, S6-s10. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2016.21.Sup3.S6
Lin, Y. H., Liching Sung, W., Yarbrough, S., Alfred, D., & Martin, P. (2010). Changes in Taiwanese nursing student values during the educational experience. Nurs Ethics, 17(5), 646-654. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733010373011
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newberry Park.
Lindahl, E., Gilje, F., Norberg, A., & Söderberg, A. (2010). Nurses' ethical reflections on caring for people with malodorous exuding ulcers. Nurs Ethics, 17(6), 777-790. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733010379181
Lindahl, E., Norberg, A., & Söderberg, A. (2008). The meaning of caring for people with malodorous exuding ulcers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(2), 163-171.
Liu, Y. (2010). Nurses' work role in the context of gender and Chinese culture: an online forum study. J Nurs Res, 18(2), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181dda76a;
Lo, S. F., Hayter, M., Hu, W. Y., Tai, C. Y., Hsu, M. Y., & Li, Y. F. (2012). Symptom burden and quality of life in patients with malignant fungating wounds. J Adv Nurs, 68(6), 1312-1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05839.x
Lo, S. F., & Hu, W. Y. (2008). [The physical, psychological, social, and spiritual impacts of malignant fungating wounds on cancer patients]. Hu Li Za Zhi, 55(1), 75-80.
Lo, S. F., Hu, W. Y., Hayter, M., Chang, S. C., Hsu, M. Y., & Wu, L. Y. (2008). Experiences of living with a malignant fungating wound: a qualitative study. J Clin Nurs, 17(20), 2699-2708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02482.x
Lui, M. H., Lam, L. W., Lee, I. F., Chien, W. T., Chau, J. P., & Ip, W. Y. (2008). Professional nursing values among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong. Nurse Educ Today, 28(1), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.03.005
Lund-Nielsen, B., Midtgaard, J., Rørth, M., Gottrup, F., & Adamsen, L. (2011). An avalanche of ignoring--a qualitative study of health care avoidance in women with malignant breast cancer wounds. Cancer Nurs, 34(4), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0b013e3182025020
Maida, V., Ennis, M., Kuziemsky, C., & Trozzolo, L. (2009). Symptoms associated with malignant wounds: a prospective case series. J Pain Symptom Manage, 37(2), 206-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2008.01.009
May, S., Gabb, F., Ignatyev, Y., Ehrlich-Repp, J., Stahlhut, K., Heinze, M., Allsop, M., Stanze, H., & Muehlensiepen, F. (2022). Mental and Physical Well-Being and Burden in Palliative Care Nursing: A Cross-Setting Mixed-Methods Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106240
Merriam, S. B. (1995). What Can You Tell from an N of 1?: Issues of Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. PAACE Journal of lifelong learning, 4, 51-60.
Merz, T., Klein, C., Uebach, B., Kern, M., Ostgathe, C., & Bükki, J. (2011). Fungating Wounds - Multidimensional Challenge in Palliative Care. Breast Care (Basel), 6(1), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324923
NCKU. (n.d.-a). Origins & Development of Framework. National Cheng Kung University Governance Framework for Human Research Ethics. https://rec.chass.ncku.edu.tw/en
NCKU. (n.d.-b). Psychotherapy. https://psy-med.ncku.edu.tw/p/412-1128-15844.php?Lang=zh-tw
O'Shea, M. F. (2014). Staff nurses' perceptions regarding palliative care for hospitalized older adults. Am J Nurs, 114(11), 26-34; quiz 35, 44. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000456424.02398.ef
Oers, H. v., & Schlebusch, L. (2020). Indicators of psychological distress and body image disorders in female patients with breast cancer. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 7(2), 179-187.
Ousey, K., & Roberts, D. (2016). Exploring nurses' and patients' feelings of disgust associated with malodorous wounds: a rapid review. J Wound Care, 25(8), 438-442. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2016.25.8.438
Palsson, M.-B., Isovaara, S., & Norberg, A. (1995). Meeting cancer patients: Interviews with Swedish district nurses. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 13(1), 68-73. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813439508996738
Philippa, R., Ann, H., Jacqueline, M., & Nicola, A. (2021). Professional identity in nursing: A mixed method research study. Nurse Educ Pract, 52, 103039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103039
Phillips, C. S., & Volker, D. L. (2020). Riding the Roller Coaster: A Qualitative Study of Oncology Nurses' Emotional Experience in Caring for Patients and Their Families. Cancer Nurs, 43(5), E283-e290. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000734
Piggin, C., & Jones, V. (2009). Malignant fungating wounds: an analysis of the lived experience. Journal of Wound Care, 18(2), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2009.18.2.38744
Pinto, N., Bhola, P., & Chandra, P. S. (2019). "End-of-Life Care is more than Wound Care": Health-Care Providers' Perceptions of Psychological and Interpersonal needs of Patients with Terminal Cancer. Indian J Palliat Care, 25(3), 428-435. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpc.Ijpc_26_19
Pisaniello, S. L., Winefield, H. R., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). The influence of emotional labour and emotional work on the occupational health and wellbeing of South Australian hospital nurses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 579-591. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.015
Polit, D. F. (2017). Resource Manual for Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. In: Wolters Kluwer Health.
Poorchangizi, B., Borhani, F., Abbaszadeh, A., Mirzaee, M., & Farokhzadian, J. (2019). The importance of professional values from nursing students' perspective. BMC Nurs, 18, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-019-0351-1
Pope, C., & Mays, N. (2020). Qualitative research in health care. Wiley Online Library.
Poreddi, V., Narayanan, A., Thankachan, A., Joy, B., Awungshi, C., & Reddy, S. S. (2021). Professional and ethical values in Nursing practice: An Indian Perspective. Invest Educ Enferm, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v39n2e12
Probst, S., Arber, A., & Faithfull, S. (2013a). Coping with an exulcerated breast carcinoma: an interpretative phenomenological study. J Wound Care, 22(7), 352-354, 356-358, 360. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2013.22.7.352
Probst, S., Arber, A., & Faithfull, S. (2013b). Malignant fungating wounds: the meaning of living in an unbounded body. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 17(1), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2012.02.001
Qiu, J. M., & DelVecchio Good, M. J. (2021). Making the best of multidisciplinary care for patients with malignant fungating wounds: A qualitative study of clinicians' narratives. Palliat Med, 35(1), 179-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216320966498
Reynolds, H., & Gethin, G. (2015). The Psychological Effects of Malignant Fungating Wounds. EWMA Journal, 15, 29-32.
Richards, H. M., & Schwartz, L. J. (2002). Ethics of qualitative research: are there special issues for health services research? Fam Pract, 19(2), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/19.2.135
Rodriguez, A., & Smith, J. (2018). Phenomenology as a healthcare research method. Evid Based Nurs, 21(4), 96-98. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102990
Ryan, K., Connolly, M., Charnley, K., Ainscough, A., Crinion, J., Hayden, C., Keegan, O., Larkin, P., M, L., D, M., R, M., L, O. D., M, O. H., S, R.-R., J, R., D, R., & M, W. (2014). Palliative care competence framework 2014. In: Health Service Executive (HSE).
Schmidt, F., Firmino, F., Lenza, N., & Santos, V. (2020). Nursing team knowledge on care for patients with fungating wounds. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 73. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0738
Seaman, S., & Bates-Jensen, B. (2015). Skin disorders: Malignant wounds, fistulas, and stomasMalignant wounds, fistulas, and stomas. In (pp. 325-340). https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199332342.003.0018
Squires, A., & Dorsen, C. (2018). Qualitative Research in Nursing and Health Professions Regulation. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 9, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(18)30150-9
Takase, M., Kershaw, E., & Burt, L. (2002). Does public image of nurses matter? Journal of Professional Nursing, 18(4), 196-205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1053/jpnu.2002.127014
Tamai, N., Mugita, Y., Ikeda, M., & Sanada, H. (2016). The relationship between malignant wound status and pain in breast cancer patients. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 24, 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejon.2016.05.004
Taylor, C. (2011). Malignant fungating wounds: A review of the patient and nurse experience. British journal of community nursing, 16, S16-S22. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2011.16.Sup12.S16
Tilley, C., Lipson, J., & Ramos, M. (2016). Palliative Wound Care for Malignant Fungating Wounds: Holistic Considerations at End-of-Life. Nurs Clin North Am, 51(3), 513-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2016.05.006
Tilley, C. P., Fu, M. R., & Lipson, J. M. (2019). Palliative Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Care. In B. R. Ferrell, J. A. Paice, B. R. Ferrell, & J. A. Paice (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Palliative Nursing (pp. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190862374.003.0019
Tilley, C. P., Fu, M. R., Van Cleeve, J., Crocilla, B. L., & Comfort, C. P. (2020). Symptoms of Malignant Fungating Wounds and Functional Performance among Patients with Advanced Cancer: An Integrative Review from 2000 to 2019. J Palliat Med, 23(6), 848-862. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2019.0617
Trudie, Y. (2017). Caring for patients with Malignant and end-of-life wounds. Wounds UK, 13, 20-29.
Tsai, H. C., Hwu, Y. J., Yu, P. J., Chen, M. T., & Shih, W. P. (2010). Development and implementation of a professional wound care training program for nurses in Taiwan. Adv Skin Wound Care, 23(10), 464-470. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000383225.02642.cf
Tu, J., Shen, M., & Li, Z. (2022). When cultural values meets professional values: a qualitative study of chinese nurses’ attitudes and experiences concerning death. BMC Palliative Care, 21(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-022-01067-3
TWOCNA. (2010). Taiwan Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program. Taiwan Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurse Association https://www.twocna.org.tw/news/info.asp?/165.html
TWOCNA. (2015). Taiwan Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program. Taiwan Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurse Association. https://www.twocna.org.tw/news/info.asp?/347.html
van der Cingel, M., & Brouwer, J. (2021). What makes a nurse today? A debate on the nursing professional identity and its need for change. Nurs Philos, 22(2), e12343. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12343
Vardhan, M., Flaminio, Z., Sapru, S., Tilley, C. P., Fu, M. R., Comfort, C., Li, X., & Saxena, D. (2019). The Microbiome, Malignant Fungating Wounds, and Palliative Care. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 9, 373. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00373
Verdon, A. (2015). Fungating wounds: causes, characteristics and impact on patients. Wound Essentials, 10(2), 60-63.
Watts, R., Botti, M., & Hunter, M. (2010). Nurses' perspectives on the care provided to cancer patients. Cancer Nurs, 33(2), E1-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0b013e3181b5575a
Wei, C.-Y., & Hsu, M.-Y. (2012). A Nursing Experience in Caring for a Patient with Breast Cancer and Malignant Fungating Wound Undergoing Initial Treatment [A Nursing Experience in Caring for a Patient with Breast Cancer and Malignant Fungating Wound Undergoing Initial Treatment]. Tzu Chi Nursing Journal, 11(1), 109-118. https://doi.org/10.6974/TCNJ.201202.0115
Weis, D., & Schank, M. J. (2017). Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Nurses Professional Values Scale-3. J Nurs Meas, 25(3), 400-410. https://doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.400
Wilkes, L. M., Boxer, E., & White, K. (2003). The hidden side of nursing: why caring for patients with malignant malodorous wounds is so difficult. J Wound Care, 12(2), 76-80. https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2003.12.2.26468
Zheng, R. S., Guo, Q. H., Dong, F. Q., & Owens, R. G. (2015). Chinese oncology nurses' experience on caring for dying patients who are on their final days: a qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud, 52(1), 288-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.009