冷卻水塔乃是利用蒸發一部分的水，將冷卻用水溫度降低，以便循環再利用，所以使用冷卻水塔必然會消耗一定量的水。然而水塔的實際耗水量，往往大於維持散熱所需，當水塔數多而且量大時，這些額外的耗水量累積起來就可能成為一項重要的水資源開銷。

本文針對典型開放式冷卻水塔，歸納出其耗水途徑分別為蒸發、飛散、濺灑與排放，並利用理論分析與實測來量化各種耗水之比重，發現耗水量之大小依序為蒸發、排放、濺灑與飛散。

從節水的觀點來看，減少不必要的蒸發損失具有最大節省空間，利用偵測大氣溫溼度及實際負荷，可以降低水塔之循環水量及送風量，大大地減少非必要的蒸發耗水，也同時可節省風扇所需用電量。

此外，利用水質的檢測及適度而不過份的水處理，包括超微過濾與防止鹽基結垢，預期可以收到花費少而節省排放損失的功效。

Cooling tower is the heat-exchange equipment, which reduces the temperature of recirculating cooling water by evaporating a part of recirculating water. This is why the water consumption in the cooling tower is inevitable. However, the actual water loss for a cooling tower is usually much more than it is necessary. The amount of unnecessary water loss will become enormous if many high-capacity cooling towers exist in the same water district.

In this thesis, four kinds of water loss were identified for a typical open-recirculation cooling tower, which are evaporation loss, drift loss, splash loss, and blow-down loss. Based on the data collected from actual field investigation and analysis, the order of loss magnitude is sequentially to be evaporation, blow-down, splash, and drift losses.

From the view point of water conservation, the largest margin to reduce the water loss is by cutting down the unnecessary evaporation loss, which can be effectively achieved if the recirculating water flow rate and the amount of cooling air can be automatically modulated by the actual weather condition and the actual cooling load.

More water conservation can be realized in blow-down loss when the ultra-filtration / nano-filtration technique combined with a moderate anti-scale treatment is used to improve the quality of recirculating water, and the water quality is assured by on-line sensors.

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