本研究之目的為建立：(1) 不同工業污染源戴奧辛/呋喃之排放係數；(2) 台灣及高雄縣(KC地區)戴奧辛/呋喃排放清單；(3) 榕樹葉中戴奧辛/呋喃成分與大氣戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之關係；(4) 岡山及仁武垃圾焚化廠周圍戴奧辛/呋喃乾/溼沉降通量；及(5) 釐清乾/溼沉降對土壤戴奧辛/呋喃成分之影響。為達成這些目的，本研究從17個工業污染源共採取51個煙道樣品以建立其排放係數。另外，從20個污染源，包括燃煤火力發電廠，稻草、蓮霧枝及金紙露天燃燒，及柴油引擎等共採取95個煙道樣品藉以建立排放清單。此外，在都市垃圾焚化廠周圍分別採取56個大氣、植物及土壤樣品以得知大氣戴奧辛/呋喃濃度，據以推估乾/溼沉降通量，並釐清大氣濃度對植物及乾/溼沉降對土壤戴奧辛/呋喃成分之影響。

研究結果顯示，工業污染源中，鋅及銅二級冶煉廠煙道廢氣平均濃度為2.44 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 (at 11% O2)，遠高於工業廢棄物焚化爐(平均濃度為0.15 ng I-TEQ Nm-3)，顯示金屬二級冶煉在戴奧辛/呋喃的減量上比工業廢棄物焚化爐更重要。

此外，燃煤火力發電廠之排放係數 (620 ng I-TEQ ton-1) 遠高於國外文獻值（2.34 ng I-TEQ ton-1），顯示國內燃煤火力發電廠空氣污染防治設備去除戴奧辛/呋喃之效率有待提升。KC地區及台灣戴奧辛/呋喃年排放量分別為6.1及95 g I-TEQ，KC地區之主要汙染源為燃煤火力發電、鋁二級冶煉、電弧爐煉鋼及稻草露天燃燒，其貢獻分別佔總排放量之56, 17, 13, 及3.3%，而台灣之主要汙染源則為鐵礦燒結製程、燃煤火力發電、電弧爐煉鋼及稻草露天燃燒，其貢獻分別佔總排放量之32, 28, 23, 及 8.1%。

另外，榕樹葉中戴奧辛/呋喃成分與長期大氣採樣分析結果成高度正相關，此ㄧ結果顯示，長期大氣採樣分析結果(一季以上)，可用以推估植物中戴奧辛/呋喃成分。

另由岡山及仁武垃圾焚化廠周界大氣乾/溼沉降模擬結果顯示，其總乾/溼沉降通量分別為8.59及10.1 ng I-TEQ m-2 year-1，溼沉降貢獻量分別佔42及34%，顯示乾沉降比溼沉降更重要。最後，藉由乾/溼沉降所去除之戴奧辛/呋喃，其特徵剖面與土壤之特徵剖面頗為相似，但在土壤中，部分物種已經消失，特別是低氯數之戴奧辛/呋喃，可能經由揮發、生物分解或光分解而從土壤中消失。

上述研究結果顯示燃煤火力發電廠為一非常重要之戴奧辛/呋喃污染排放源，結合本研究所提供之各種戴奧辛/呋喃排放源之排放濃度、排放係數、年排放量及貢獻百分比資料庫，可做為環保單位決策之參考，亦可做為進一步學術研究之寶貴資訊。

The objectives of the present study were to develop (1) emission factors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) for various industrial sources which seldom being investigated; (2) the overall PCDD/F emission inventory in Taiwan as well as in the KC area; (3) correlation between banyan leaf compositions and ambient air concentration of PCDD/Fs; (4) dry and wet deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs in the ambient air of two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs); and (5) to clarify the influence of deposition on the soil content of PCDD/Fs. To achieve these goals, a total of 51 flue gas samples from seventeen industrial sources were collected to develop emission factors. In addition, a total of 95 flue gas samples from 20 sources including coal-fired power plants, open burning of rice straw, wax apples, and ritual paper, and diesel engines et al., were collected and analyzed for 17 PCDD/Fs to develop emission inventory. Furthermore, a total of 56 samples for each environment media including air, vegetation, and soil, were collected from the environment media of two MSWIs to establish atmospheric level and to estimate deposition fluxes.

The results of this study show that mean PCDD/F concentration of the secondary zinc smelter (Zn-S) and secondary copper smelter (Cu-S) is 2.44 ng I-TEQ Nm-3 (at 11% O2), which was found to be greater than that of industrial waste incinerators (mean concentration = 0.15 ng I-TEQ Nm-3). These results imply that the controlling of secondary metallic melting processes is more important for the reduction of PCDD/F emissions than industrial waste incineration.

In addition, the emission factor of PCDD/Fs from coal-fired power plants (620 ng I-TEQ ton-1) obtained in this study is greatly higher than the value of previous study (2.34 ng I-TEQ ton-1). It means that in Taiwan the air pollution control devices for PCDD/F removal in certain power plants need to be more efficient. The emission data showed that there is a total annual release to air of 6.1 and 95 g I-TEQ from major sources in the KC area and Taiwan, respectively. The dominant sources of PCDD/Fs in the KC area are the coal-fired power plants, secondary aluminum smelting, electric arc furnaces, and open burning of rice straw, which contributed about 56, 17, 13, and 3.3% to the total, respectively. However, in Taiwan, the dominant sources of PCDD/Fs are the iron ore sintering, coal-fired power plants, electric arc furnaces, and open burning of rice straw, which contributed about 32, 28, 23, and 8.1% to the total, respectively.

Furthermore, there is a good correlation between banyan leaf compositions and ambient air concentration of PCDD/Fs using an average data of individual measurement for each sampling location. This implies that an ambient data for long period monitoring (longer than three months) can be used to predict the composition in vegetation.

In the vicinity of MSWI-GS and MSWI-RW, the annual deposition fluxes of PCDD/Fs are about 8.59 and 10.1 ng I-TEQ m-2 year-1, respectively, and wet deposition contributed 42% and 34% to the total, respectively, it reveals that dry deposition is more important than wet deposition. Finally, the dominant congeners of PCDD/Fs in ambient air of MSWIs removed by dry and wet deposition are very similar to that of soil in the vicinity of MSWIs, but some congeners removed by deposition disappeared in the soil, especially the congeners with lower chlorine number. This can be explained as vaporization, biodegradation or photodecomposition.

The results of this study showed that coal-fired power plants are very significant sources of PCDD/Fs, the results also provide important database to assist the decision makers for formulating policies to alleviate dioxin concerns.

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