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研究生：	黃郁仁 Huang, Yu-Ren
論文名稱：	智慧型電力網路與無線區域網路的共存機制之研究 Study on Coexistence of Smart Utility Networks and WLANs
指導教授：	陳曉華 Chen, Hsiao-Hwa
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工程科學系 Department of Engineering Science
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	164
中文關鍵詞：	智慧型電力網路、無線區域網路、共存系統效能、最小分開距離、共存機制
外文關鍵詞：	IEEE 802.15.4g, smart utility networks, WLANs, coexistence performance, minimum separation, coexistence mechanisms.
相關次數：	點閱：94 下載：1
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智慧型電網 (Smart Grid, SG) 是一個整合了電力網路、通訊技術與資訊科技的高效能電網。它的主要目的為將供電端到用戶端的所有設備，透過各種感測器進行串接，並收集各項回傳的用電資訊後，加以分析與判斷，以提升用電效率與可靠性。其中，智慧型電力網路 (Smart Utility Network, SUN) 採用了IEEE 802.15.4g標準並負責鄰里區域網路 (neighborhood area network, NAN) 之間電力系統通訊資料的傳遞。我們可以說智慧型電力網路在智慧型電網裡扮演了一個很重要的角色。

由於IEEE 802.15.4g是一個新制定的標準並且工作在無須註冊的頻帶，因此IEEE 802.15.4g其它同樣工作在相同頻帶的IEEE無線標準如何共存並且不會互相衝突，將是一個重要的新課題。無線區域網路 (Wireless LAN, WLAN)，也就是IEEE 802.11標準系列，是一套發展良好並且眾多人口使用的技術。由於無線區域網路裡的資料通常較為重要並且該標準已經先被制訂，智慧型電力網路必須在傳送訊息的同時，有效地避免影響無線區域網路.

本論文分別利用誤碼率模型 (bit error rate calculation model) 以及實體層封包碰撞模型 (PHY packet collision model) 來評估當智慧型電力網路與無線區域網路工作在鄰近區域的相同頻帶時之共存系統效能。根據此兩種模型，我們也從其相關之理論分析以及模擬的結果中觀察出了智慧型電力網路與無線區域網路之間的最小分開距離 (minimum separation)。在此論文中，我們也探討了無線區域網路與智慧型電力網路的共存機制。首先我們先深入了解此兩種網路已有的共存機制，以便補強一些尚未考慮到的弱點。我們將通道機敏策略 (channel agility scheme) 應用至智慧型電力網路，讓智慧型電力網路能高成本效率地在避免干擾WLAN的情況下成功地傳輸流動在智慧型電網裡的資訊。此外，我們也提出了智慧型電力網路通道機敏策略 (SUN channel agility scheme)，讓智慧型電力網路能夠更及時的避開無線區域網路的干擾，並且保有原先通道機敏策略的高成本效益。

IEEE 802.15.4g smart utility networks (SUNs) task group, i.e., TG4g, founded in December 2008, was established to create a PHY amendment to IEEE 802.15.4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart grid network, which is capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks.

Since IEEE 802.15.4g is a newly-developed standard that operates in regionally available and license-exempt bands, the coexistence characteristics required by this new standard need to be addressed. The focus of SUNs are the elements that fit between existing standards, which may be used in the utility backbone and the in-premises process, industrial and home area network. In this context, the SUNs form part of a heterogeneous network, filling the gap between the wide area networks (WANs), industrial and consumer wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Therefore, it is essential to provide coexistence mechanisms that enable SUNs to coexist with other heterogeneous standards in the same license-exempt bands. Particularly, WLANs often carry critical data, so regulators should try hard to make SUNs be able to avoid interfering with WLANs.

In this thesis, the coexistence impacts on the system performance of both SUNs and WLANs are evaluated by using bit error rate (BER) calculation model and PHY packet collision model. The values of minimum separation between SUNs and WLANs are observed according to the analytical and simulation results we obtained. Also, the coexistence mechanisms of SUNs and WLANs are explicitly studied. We will first introduce the inherent coexistence mechanisms specified in IEEE 802.15.4g; and then, we will implement the channel agility scheme into SUNs. We also propose the SUN channel agility scheme, which makes SUNs able to avoid the WLAN interference in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Abstract i
Acknowledgements iii
Table of Contents v
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xv
Acronyms and Abbreviations xxix
Symbols and Notations xxxiii
Dedication xxxvii
Introduction 1
1 Introduction to Smart Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Motivations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3 Thesis Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Preliminaries 9
1 Smart Utility Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.1 Characteristics of SUNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2 Components and Network Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 General Description of SUN PHY Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 MR-FSK Generic PHY Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.2 Mode Switch Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 Multi-PHY Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 On-Demand Solutions for Coexistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1 Decision of Interference Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.1 Physical Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.2 MAC Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2 Actions to Handle Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.1 Sharing in Frequency Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.2 Sharing in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.3 Sharing in Space Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Coexistence Issues 19
1 Coexistence of SUN and Other Wireless Networks . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1 Regulatory Information of SUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.2 Dissimilar Systems Sharing the Same Band with SUN . . . . 21
1.2.1 2400-2483.5 MHz Band (Worldwide) . . . . . . . . 22
1.2.2 950-958 MHz Band (Japan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.2.3 902-928 MHz Band (United States) . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2.4 863-870 MHz Band (Europe) . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.2.5 779-787 MHz Band (China) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2 Coexistence Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1 3 PHY Modes of the SUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.1 Parameters for SUN PHY Modes . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1.2 BER Calculations for SUN PHY Modes . . . . . . 29
2.2 Modeling Coexisting Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.1 Interference Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.2.2 Analytical Model for BER Calculation . . . . . . . 32
2.2.3 Spectrum Factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2.4 Power Weighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.5 Receiver-Based Interference Model . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.6 Path Loss Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3 Coexistence Performance in 2400-2483.5 MHz Band . . . . . 42
2.3.1 Parameters for Coexistence Quantification . . . . . 43
2.3.1.1 PHY Modes and Related Parameters of
Each Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.1.2 BER for PHY Modes in Respective 802
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.2 Coexistence Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3.2.1 SUN FSK 50 kbps Mode as Victim Receiver 49
2.3.2.2 SUN OFDM 100 kbps Mode as Victim
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.3.2.3 SUN OQPSK 500 kbps Mode as Victim
Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
2.3.2.4 802.11 PHY Modes as Victim Receivers . 54
2.3.2.5 802.15 PHY Modes as Victim Receivers . 56
2.4 Coexistence Performance in 902-928 MHz Band . . . . . . . 58
2.4.1 Parameters for Coexistence Quantification . . . . . 58
2.4.1.1 PHY Modes and Related Parameters of
Each Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.4.1.2 BER for PHY Modes in Respective 802
Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.4.2 Coexistence Simulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.4.2.1 SUN PHY Modes as Victim Receivers . . 62
2.4.2.2 802.15.4 PHY Modes as Victim Receivers 65
2.5 PER Calculation and Observation of Minimum Separation . 67
2.5.1 PER of Heterogeneous Systems in 2.4 GHz Band . 68
2.5.2 PER of Heterogeneous Systems in 915 MHz Band . 85
2.5.3 Summary of Minimum Separation . . . . . . . . . . 90
3 PHY Packet Collision Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
3.1 PER Analysis of SUN under WLAN Interference . . . . . . 101
3.2 PER Analysis of WLAN under SUN Interference . . . . . . 108
3.3 Coexistence Performance by PHY Packet Collision Model . . 112
3.3.1 SUN under WLAN Interference . . . . . . . . . . . 112
3.3.2 WLAN under SUN Interference . . . . . . . . . . . 117
3.4 Distance of Minimum Separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Coexistence Mechanisms 125
1 Inherent Coexistence Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
1.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
1.2 Common Signaling Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
1.2.1 Multi-PHY Management Scheme . . . . . . . . . . 127
1.2.2 Detailed MPM procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
1.3 Start Frame Delimiter Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
1.4 CSMA/CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
1.4.1 Channel Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
1.4.1.1 Energy Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
1.4.1.2 Active Channel Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
1.4.1.3 Passive Channel Scan . . . . . . . . . . . 132
1.4.1.4 Enhanced CSM Channel Scan . . . . . . . 133
1.4.2 Clear Channel Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
1.4.3 Link Quality Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
1.5 Guaranteed Time Slot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
1.6 Neighbor Network Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
1.7 Low Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
1.8 Low Transmission Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
1.9 Channel Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
2 Transmit Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
3 Channel Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.1 Channel Allocation of SUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
3.2 Channel Allocation of WLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
3.3 SUN Channels without WLAN Activities . . . . . . . . . . . 145
3.4 Channel Agility Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.5 SUN Channel Agility Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Conclusions 153
1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
A ISM Band 155
Bibliography 157

                                    

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校內：2016-09-02公開
校外：不公開電子論文尚未授權公開，紙本請查館藏目錄

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