本篇論文主旨為將銀奈米晶體(silver nanocube, AgNC)所形成之二聚體奈米結 (dimer nanojunctions)，因AgNC晶體間的強電漿子耦合效應(plasmonic coupling effect)，使其適用於生物以及化學等感測器。一般製造大規模的奈米結較為常用的方法為直接寫入技術(direct-write techniques)，但該技術較複雜且花費高，並且於控制奈米二聚體中晶體間的次奈米級(sub-nanoscale)間距上有其限制。在此，我們證明了可利用逐層沉積(layer by layer deposition)方法以及奈米晶體自組裝技術製造具有可控制晶體間距、構形(conformation) 以及二聚體數量的大尺寸均勻之二聚體奈米結複合材。在高分子基質中利用奈米晶體之自組裝製備大尺寸的高品質的二聚體奈米結，其中高分子基質的厚度對調節奈米晶體間的作用力有著重要作用，可於熱處理過程中形成不同構形之二聚體奈米結，如垂直二聚體(vertical dimer)以及水平二聚體(horizontal dimer)。對大尺寸二聚體奈米結的光學性質而言，有很大的程度會受到奈米晶體間電漿子耦合效應強弱影響(此電漿子耦合效應會因奈米結之構形變化) 。與純的高分子薄膜相比，具有二聚體奈米結之複合材因奈米晶體間的強電漿子耦合之效應，導致二聚體奈米結周遭之化學分子震盪所產生之拉曼散射之化學訊號具有約為1000倍的增強因子(enhancement factor)，這使得具有二聚體奈米結之複合材適合用於需要高靈敏感測之領域，如生物學、生物醫學和化學領域。
電漿子奈米晶體在外在光源激發下可以在其周圍生熱電子(hot electrons)且熱電子會於奈米晶體上震盪(oscillation)產生電磁場，此奈米晶體周遭之電磁場會因與鄰近奈米晶體之電磁場產生耦合效應而增強其周遭之電磁場增強，此二聚體奈米結周圍因強電磁場進而增加大量熱電子之產生，這些熱電子可與奈米結附近之發光材料相互作用，導致發光材料的發光效應產生變化。本文將有機染料或半導體量子點兩種不同的發光材料導入電漿子二聚體奈米結中生成奈米複合材料，以研究於電漿子誘導電磁場(plasmon-induced electromagnetic field)下的發光材料之發光效應(emission efficiency)的變化。於外在光源激發下二聚體奈米結複合材料的發光增強因數(emission enhancement factor)強烈仰賴於(1)電子轉移的路徑和驅動力:受發光材料的軌域能階和二聚體奈米結電漿子共振模式所產生之能階的相對關係所控制；(2)二聚體奈米結周圍產生熱電子的位置和數量:由二聚體奈米結構形和激發光的強度/波長控制。在經過仔細控制外在光源激發條件(強度/波長)，由有機染料或半導體量子點構成的奈米複合材之發光增強因子分別可達到300%與700%。這些結果為設計用於光激發之光電元件、固態照明和生物感測等需要高發光效應複合材料之應用提供了一個可行的方向。

Plasmonic coupling between nanojunctions showed potential applications in bio/chemical sensing. The most common method of fabricating large-scale nanojunctions was using direct-writing techniques, such as lithography. There were some drawbacks to this approach: it is complicated and expensive, and sub-nanoscale spacing between nanocrystals was poorly controlled. Here, we demonstrated that layer-by-layer deposition and polymer-directed assembly of nanocrystals can be integrated to fabricate large-scale dimer nanojunctions with controllable spacing, conformations, and quantity of dimer nanojunctions. When silver nanocubes (AgNCs) are used as building blocks to fabricate high-quality dimer nanojunctions in the polymer matrix, the thickness of the polymer matrix played an important role in tuning the inter-plane and intra-plane interactions between nanocrystals, resulting in different conformational dimer nanojunctions.The optical properties of large-scale dimer nanojunctions strongly depended on their conformations, which were caused by electromagnetic field coupling, leading to generate hot electrons, between the nanocrystals. Hot spots in both types of dimer nanojunctions can be used to amplify chemical signals of the Raman scattering signals with an enhancement factor (EF) of about 103 compared with the pure polymer film. This fabrication technique can produce high-quality and quantitatively controllable dimer nanojunctions structures with highly sensitive sensing applications in the fields of biology, biomedicine, and chemistry.
Plasmonic nanojunctions can generate hot electrons around them under irradiation, and these hot electrons can interact with the emissive materials around the plasmonic nanojunctions, resulting in a change in the emission behavior of emissive materials. Here we introduced two different emissive materials, organic dye, and semiconductor quantum dot, into dimer nanojunctions to generate nanocomposites to study the changes in the emission enhancement factors of emissive materials under plasmon-induced electromagnetic fields. Under carefully controlled irradiation conditions (wavelength/intensity), the emission enhancement factors of nanocomposites composed of organic dye or semiconductor quantum dot can reach 300% and 700%, respectively. These results paved the way for designing highly emissive composites for optically stimulated optoelectronic devices, solid-state lighting, and biosensing.

Keywords: plasmonic nanocrystals, dimer nanojunctions, nanocomposites, plasmonic coupling effect.

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