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| 研究生： |
廖基堯 Liao, Chi-Yao |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
突張管內爆炸波與渦漩交互作用之數值研究 Numerical Investigation of Blast Wave/Vortex Interaction in a Duct with a Sudden Expansion |
| 指導教授： |
梁勝明
Liang, Shen-Min |
| 學位類別： |
博士 Doctor |
| 系所名稱： |
工學院 - 航空太空工程學系 Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics |
| 論文出版年： | 2005 |
| 畢業學年度： | 93 |
| 語文別： | 英文 |
| 論文頁數： | 237 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 繞射震波 、反射震波 、第二道震波 、主渦漩 、斜縮效應 、次渦漩 、壓縮效應 |
| 外文關鍵詞： | minor vortex, major vortex, diffracted shock, reflected shock, second shock, baroclinic effect, compressibility effect |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：106 下載：1 |
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平面爆炸波與渦漩交互作用為研究震波動力學的基本課題。尤其是由高速飛行器所產生的噪音，以及由交通工具排氣系統所排放噪音或者內燃機的問題，都與它有密切的關聯。在本文中，我們探討了平面爆炸波與平面震波越過一楔形物，所引伸的震波反射型態課題，以及平面爆炸波在一突擴張管內傳遞的問題。本文將採用Jiang and Shu兩人五階準確度的加權基本不震盪法來探討這兩個問題。
對平面爆炸波與平面震波越過一楔形物的問題，我們發現由平面爆炸波所產生的第一道震波，其後邊界層之生成會影響到震波反射的型態。由於爆炸波之強度隨著爆炸波的傳遞，會逐漸減弱。一般在震波反射型態上，常見的過渡馬赫反射及雙馬赫反射，在由初始壓力比為100所產生的爆炸波反射問題中，將不會被發現。在這個問題中，我們也發現到不需要其他中間轉換的過程，正規反射型態會很容易的轉換為單馬赫反射。
對爆炸波在突張管傳遞的問題，我們將詳細探討三種震波與渦漩交互作用的問題。由第一道震波所產生的渦漩，將會被設計先後與第二道震波、反射震波做交互作用及這兩道震波同時與主渦漩交互作用。基本上，第一道震波會產生兩個主要渦漩，分別稱為主渦和次渦。這兩個主要渦漩會成對出現，並且同時伴隨移動。數值陰影法及紋影法將被應用在探討震波與渦漩交互作用的問題。我們也發現在這三個課題中，主渦中心的軌跡會受到膨脹波及在凸尖角處另一個小渦的影響。另外，流場的黏滯效應也會影響到漩渦的強度。我們發現到非黏滯性流場的渦量會比黏滯性流場來的大。由於非黏性流場之主渦中心的強度會比黏性流場來的大，相對的在非黏性流場，它主渦中心的壓力會比黏性流場來的小。沿著突張管壁上的邊界層，第一道震波在管壁交互作用後的震波反射型態，會由正規反射型態轉變為馬赫反射。這種反射型態的轉變，會影響反射震波到達凸尖角處的時間。最後，分析在非黏性流場中，渦漩生成的機制。我們發現在影響擴張項的因素，壓縮項的影響遠大於斜壓項的影響。
The interaction of a planar blast wave with vortices is one of the fundamental and important topics in shock wave dynamics, since the problem is closely related to the aerodynamic noise generation in high-speed aircraft and the noise emitted from a vehicle’s exhaust system or an internal combustor. In this study, the problems of the planar blast-wave propagation over a wedge and of a planar blast wave discharged from a suddenly expanded duct are considered. A high-resolution Euler/Navier-Stokes solver developed by a 5th-order WENO scheme of Jiang and Shu is employed to investigate these two problems. The present Euler/Navier-Stokes solver is validated to be reasonably accurate.
For the problem of a blast wave propagating over a wedge surface, it is found that the boundary layer developed behind the first shock wave of the planar blast wave has influence on the type of shock reflection. Because the blast-wave intensity gradually becomes weaker during propagation, a transitional Mach reflection and a double Mach reflection which may occur in the case of shock-wave reflection are not found in the blast-wave reflection at an initial pressure ratio of 100. In this case, it is found that a single Mach reflection is simply transited to a regular reflection without intermediate types of shock-wave reflections.
For the problem of a blast wave passing through the duct with a sudden expansion, three cases of shock/vortex interactions are studied in detail. The induced vortices induced by the first shock wave are respectively arranged to interact with the second shock wave and a reflected shock wave at a different time sequence, and with both simultaneously. Basically, the first shock wave can induce two main vortices called as major and minor vortices. These two vortices form a pair and move together. In order to study the flow fields induced by the shock/vortex interactions, the computational shadowgraph and computational schlieren techniques are used. We found that the trajectory of the major vortex center may be different for these three cases, resulted from the effects of the expansion waves issuing from the sharp corner and of another small vortex. Moreover, the effects of different viscous models have influence on the induced vortex strengths. Thus the vortex strength obtained by the inviscid-flow model is stronger than those for the viscous-flow models, resulting in a lower pressure at the vortex center for the inviscid-flow case compared with the viscous case. Because of the boundary layer development along the duct wall after the sudden expansion, the first-shock reflection type is changed from a regular reflection to a single Mach reflection that can affect the arrival time of the reflected shock wave at the sharp corner. Finally, the mechanism of the vortex formation is mainly analyzed based on the inviscid-flow model. It is found that the compressibility term plays an important role in vorticity generation and that the baroclinic effect is more effective than the dilatation effect.
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