隧道係屬細長之地下結構物，倘若發生火災事故時，較不易進行避難與救災。近年來長公路隧道不斷增加，對於隧道火災之應變，除了結合以往必備的通風與排煙系統，更導入水霧系統，添增火災控制的能力。
本研究以全尺度模擬搭配縮小尺度實驗驗證之方式進行隧道火災之研究。縱流式通風模擬結果顯示隧道長度對臨界速度幾乎沒有影響。然而，隧道長度越長，通風量要越大，才能產生與較短隧道一樣速度之縱向氣流。因此，電腦模擬應以全尺度隧道進行模擬，方能貼近實際情況，並避免發生低估之誤差。
點排式通風排煙模擬方面，在本研究設定之先決條件下，如果燃燒時間維持甚久，甚至火勢增大，煙層將會無法受到控制，並往上下游蔓延擴散，單口與三口之點排式通風排煙系統，其原始運轉參數只能防止約略5 MW或更小的火災所產生之煙氣回流。對於單一排煙口之設計，調整上下游噴流式風機之通風速度且使速度差在15 m/s以內，可有效將煙層局限，並能夠降低需求排煙量；對於三口排煙口之設計方式，把排煙口數量從三口減少為二口時，仍具有同樣的煙控效能。另外，三口排煙口之設計方式相對於單一排煙口之設計，能以較低的排煙量將煙層限制在煙控區域之內。
水霧系統對於火場降溫、逆煙層縮減等正向之影響效果，但須注意水霧放射後，會造成煙氣紊亂並充斥整個煙控區域，使得能見度變差。水霧啟動區為火災區與上游鄰近第一區的2區放射方式，可能發生起火處位於水霧覆蓋範圍的邊界而有覆蓋不完整之疑慮，建議縮減單區放射範圍而增加下游鄰近第一區放射，可減少部分之用水量，並增強下游區域的防護能力，但須增加一齊開放閥之用量，造成成本增加，故在防護效果與施工成本之間須審慎評估。

This research conducts full-scale simulation and model-scale experiments to explore various tunnel fire scenarios. The results show that the critical velocities for the same fire size in different tunnel lengths are similar. However, to generate the same longitudinal flow velocity in longer tunnels, the quantity of ventilation must be increased. The conventional settings of the point-extraction ventilation systems could only prevent the smoke backflow generated from a 5 MW fire or smaller. For the single-point extraction, the workload of a performance-based design is reduced. The three-point and two-point extraction confined the smoke layer within the smoke control zone better and with a lower exhaust rate than single-point extraction. However, the range of high-temperature smoke layers under the three-point extraction design is wider than the single-point extraction design. The water spraying system affects fire cooling and reduces smoke backlayering. However, water spraying causes turbulence and lowers the smoke layer, filling the smoke control zone and worsening the visibility. Fire at the boundary of the water spraying coverage area leads to incomplete coverage. If the water spraying zone is increased to the first downstream zone, the protection capacity of the downstream zone is increased. A balance between the protection effect and the cost is essential.

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