成功大學博碩士論文系統

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

回結果列表

研究生：	甘宇哲 Kan, Yu-Che
論文名稱：	結構工程設計之 N 型共軛嵌段高分子於半導體型單壁奈米碳管分選及其電晶體元件應用 Architecture-Engineered N-Type Conjugated Block Copolymers for Sorting Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Transistor Applications
指導教授：	林彥丞 Lin, Yan-Cheng
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2026
畢業學年度：	114
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	169
中文關鍵詞：	萘二醯亞胺、共軛嵌段高分子、單壁奈米碳管、碳管分選、電晶體應用
外文關鍵詞：	naphthalene diimide, conjugated block copolymers, single–walled carbon nanotubes, single–walled carbon nanotube sorting, transistor applications
相關次數：	點閱：51 下載：4
分享至:	分享至facebook 分享至twitter

查詢本校圖書館目錄查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統勘誤回報

單壁奈米碳管因其優異的電荷載子遷移率與本質機械柔韌性，被視為下一代柔性電子與光電元件中極具潛力的通道材料。然而，合成後的原始奈米碳管通常為金屬型與半導體型之混合物，如何高效分選出高純度的半導體型單壁奈米碳管仍是當前實務應用上的關鍵瓶頸。為解決此項挑戰，本研究提出了一種創新的高分子拓樸工程。透過將具備高柔韌性的聚異丁烯軟鏈段引入剛性的萘二醯亞胺–聯噻吩共軛主鏈中，成功合成出一系列多嵌段共聚高分子。在這些不同幾何構型的高分子中，獨特的三臂星狀分子爪拓樸架構（tAB 系列）被證實為最佳設計。此多方向的嵌段高分子能完美適應碳管的表面曲率，有效打破共軛主鏈的自身聚集效應，進而實現分選純度高達 99.9% 以上的超高純度半導體型單壁奈米碳管。此外，該高分子/碳管複合材料在電子元件中展現出了卓越的多功能應用潛力。在光電晶體記憶體的應用上，具備較高軟鏈段比例的 tAB–2 複合薄膜展現出最優異的性能，其記憶體窗口可達到 80 V，且電流開關比高達 10^5，表現出極佳的電荷捕捉與保持能力。同時，在場效應拉伸元件的機械測試中，此分子爪拓樸高分子可作為奈米級交聯劑，有效抑制碳管間的不可逆滑移；實驗結果證實，該元件在承受高達 50% 的拉伸應變下，仍能維持 140% 的高載子遷移率保持率。本研究成功結合材料拓樸設計與元件工程，為開發兼具高性能與機電彈性的下一代多功能可拉伸光電系統提供了全新的路徑。

Single–walled carbon nanotubes are highly promising candidates for next–generation flexible electronics and optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional charge carrier mobility and intrinsic mechanical flexibility. However, as–synthesized single–walled carbon nanotubes inherently exist as a mixture of metallic and semiconducting species, making the isolation of high–purity semiconducting single–walled carbon nanotubes a critical bottleneck for practical transistor applications. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative macromolecular topology–engineering strategy. By incorporating highly flexible polyisobutylene soft segments into a rigid poly(naphthalene diimide–alt–bithiophene) conjugated backbone, a series of multiblock copolymers were successfully synthesized. Among various geometric configurations, a unique tri–branched star–shaped architecture, designated as a molecular claw (tAB series), was demonstrated to be the optimal design. This multi–directional block copolymer effectively conforms to the surface curvature of the nanotubes and suppresses the self–aggregation of the rigid backbones, thereby achieving an exceptional semiconducting sorting purity exceeding 99.9%. Furthermore, the resulting polymer/semiconducting single–walled carbon nanotube hybrids exhibit outstanding multifunctional performance in organic electronic applications. For phototransistor memory applications, the tAB–2 composite film featuring a higher soft–segment ratio yields a superb memory window of 80 V along with a high current memory ratio of 10^5, demonstrating excellent charge–trapping and retention capability. Concurrently, in intrinsically stretchable field–effect transistors, the molecular claw topology functions as a nanoscale crosslinker to mitigate irreversible inter–tube sliding. Remarkably, the stretchable devices maintain an unprecedented mobility retention of 140% even under a severe tensile strain of 50%. This work successfully integrates polymer structural design with interface engineering, achieving high performance in phototransistor memory and stretchable field–effect transistors.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
Contents v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables xviii
List of Abbreviations xix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1–1 Preface 1
1–2 Conjugated Polymers 2
1–2–1 Electronic Structures and Charge Transport Mechanisms 2
1–2–2 Molecular Design via Main–Chain Architecture and Side–Chain Engineering 4
1–2–3 Phase Behavior and Multi–Functional Design of Block Copolymers 6
1–3 Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes 8
1–3–1 Geometric Structure and Electronic Classification of SWCNTs 8
1–3–2 Synthesis Techniques and the Challenge of Structural Heterogeneity 11
1–3–3 Optoelectronic and Charge Transport Properties in Nanotubes 13
1–3–4 Current Methodologies for Carbon Nanotube Sorting 14
1–3–5 Supramolecular Interactions for Selective Sorting of SWCNTs 16
1–3–5–1 Effects of Solvent 19
1–3–5–2 Effects of Polymer Concentration 20
1–3–5–3 Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight 22
1–3–6 Selective Separation and Stabilization of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes Conferred by Block Copolymers 25
1–4 Field–Effect Transistor (FET) 27
1–4–1 Working Principles and Charge Accumulation in FETs 27
1–4–2 Geometric Configurations and Contact Architectures 30
1–4–3 Charge Transport Mechanisms in Disordered Systems 32
1–4–4 Trends in Stretchable and Flexible Transistors 33
1–5 Phototransistor Memory 36
1–5–1 Fundamental Principles and Charge Trapping Mechanisms 36
1–5–2 Device Configurations Based on Structure Design 38
1–5–3 Key Performance Evaluation Metrics for Optoelectronic Memories 40
1–5–4 Charge Transport and Storage at Material Interfaces 42
1–6 Research Objectives 44
Chapter 2 Experimental Methods and Procedures 47
2–1 Experimental Reagents and Chemicals 47
2–2 Experimental Workflow 48
2–3 Experimental Instruments and Equipment 50
2–3–1 Sonicator 50
2–3–2 Centrifuge 50
2–3–3 Plasma Cleaner 50
2–3–4 Spin Coater 51
2–3–5 High Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Machine 51
2–3–6 Ultraviolet–Visible–Near Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy (UV–Vis–NIR) 52
2–3–7 Electrochemical Analyzer 52
2–3–8 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) 52
2–3–9 Raman Spectroscopy 53
2–3–10 Photoluminescence Excitation Spectroscopy (PLE) 53
2–3–11 Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MD) 54
2–3–12 Grazing Incidence X–ray Diffraction (GIXD) 54
2–3–13 Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) 54
2–3–14 Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer 55
2–4 Sorting Process of s–SWCNT 55
2–5 Fabrication of Devices 57
2–5–1 Fabrication of Photomemory Devices 57
2–5–2 Fabrication of Stretchable FET Devices 58
Chapter 3 Block Copolymer/s–SWCNT for Phototransistor Memory Devices 60
3–1 Characterization of Tri–branched Block Copolymers 60
3–2 Tri–branched Block Copolymers Sorting s–SWCNT 65
3–2–1 Optical Characterizations of the Polymer/s–SWCNT 65
3–2–2 Chirality Characterizations of the Polymer/s–SWCNT 69
3–2–3 Morphological Characterizations of the Polymer/s–SWCNT Thin Films 74
3–3 Polymer/s–SWCNT Photomemory Devices 78
3–3–1 Characterizations of Photomemory Devices 78
3–3–2 Durability and Multilevel Characterizations of Photomemory Devices 82
Chapter 4 Block Copolymer/s–SWCNT for Intrinsically Stretchable Field–Effect Transistors 86
4–1 Design of the Conjugated Block Copolymers for s–SWCNT Sorting 86
4–2 Sorting Performance of the Conjugated Block Copolymers 89
4–3 Stretchable Transistor Device: Mobility–Stretchability Performance of the Polymer/s–SWCNTs 97
4–4 Morphology Effect of the Polymer/s–SWCNT on the Mobility–Stretchability Properties 102
4–4–1 Macroscopic Topographical Evolution and Network Reorientation 102
4–4–2 Microscopic Structural Configuration and Junction Stabilization 110
4–4–3 State of the Art Comparison in Sorting and Tensile Performance 119
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Future Work 123
5–1 Conclusion 123
5–2 Future work 125
5–2–1 Phototransistor Memory Improvement 125
5–2–2 Stretchable Phototransistor Memory 126
References 127
                                    

(1) Yuan, Z.; Han, S.–T.; Gao, W.; Pan, C. Flexible and Stretchable Strategies for Electronic Skins: Materials, Structure, and Integration. ACS Applied Electronic Materials 2022, 4 (1), 1–26. DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.1c00025.
(2) Wang, X.; Liu, Y.; Chen, Q.; Yan, Y.; Rao, Z.; Lin, Z.; Chen, H.; Guo, T. Recent advances in stretchable field–effect transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2021, 9 (25), 7796–7828. DOI: 10.1039/D1TC01082D.
(3) Wang, L.; Yi, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Liu, Y.; Wang, S. Stretchable conductors for stretchable field–effect transistors and functional circuits. Chemical Society Reviews 2023, 52 (2), 795–835. DOI: 10.1039/D2CS00837H.
(4) Wang, W.–C.; Chen, S.–Y.; Yang, Y.–W.; Hsu, C.–S.; Tajima, K. Face–on reorientation of π–conjugated polymers in thin films by surface–segregated monolayers. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2020, 8 (13), 6268–6275. DOI: 10.1039/D0TA00030B.
(5) Tanigaki, N.; Kyotani, H.; Wada, M.; Kaito, A.; Yoshida, Y.; Han, E.–M.; Abe, K.; Yase, K. Oriented thin films of conjugated polymers: polysilanes and polyphenylenes. Thin Solid Films 1998, 331 (1), 229–238. DOI: 10.1016/S0040–6090(98)00924–9.
(6) Kunaraj, A.; Chelvanathan, P.; A Bakar, A. A.; Yahya, I. Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) thin films via automatic spray coating and nitric acid vapor treatment. Journal of Engineering Research 2024, 12 (4), 825–831. DOI: 10.1016/j.jer.2023.07.002.
(7) Chougle, A.; Rezk, A.; Afzal, S. U. B.; Mohammed, A. K.; Shetty, D.; Nayfeh, A. Evolving Role of Conjugated Polymers in Nanoelectronics and Photonics. Nano–Micro Letters 2025, 17 (1), 230. DOI: 10.1007/s40820–025–01748–7.
(8) Mullin, W. J.; Sharber, S. A.; Thomas III, S. W. Optimizing the self–assembly of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed non–covalent control. Journal of Polymer Science 2021, 59 (15), 1643–1663. DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290.
(9) MacLeod, B. A.; Stanton, N. J.; Gould, I. E.; Wesenberg, D.; Ihly, R.; Owczarczyk, Z. R.; Hurst, K. E.; Fewox, C. S.; Folmar, C. N.; Holman Hughes, K.; et al. Large n– and p–type thermoelectric power factors from doped semiconducting single–walled carbon nanotube thin films. Energy & Environmental Science 2017, 10 (10), 2168–2179. DOI: 10.1039/C7EE01130J.
(10) Tabakman, S. M.; Welsher, K.; Hong, G.; Dai, H. Optical Properties of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes Separated in a Density Gradient: Length, Bundling, and Aromatic Stacking Effects. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2010, 114 (46), 19569–19575. DOI: 10.1021/jp106453v.
(11) Hughes, K. J.; Iyer, K. A.; Bird, R. E.; Ivanov, J.; Banerjee, S.; Georges, G.; Zhou, Q. A. Review of Carbon Nanotube Research and Development: Materials and Emerging Applications. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2024, 7 (16), 18695–18713. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02721.
(12) Rubner, M. F. Conjugated polymeric conductors. Ashwell, G. J. Ed.; Research Studies Press; John Wiley & Sons, 1992; pp 65–115.
(13) Le, T. H.; Yoon, H. Fundamentals of conjugated polymer nanostructures. In Conjugated Polymer Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications; Ghosh, S., Ed.; Wiley–VCH, 2021; pp 1–42.
(14) Shockley, W. Electrons and holes in semiconductors; van Nostrand New York, 1950.
(15) Al–Azzawi, A. G. S.; Aziz, S. B.; Dannoun, E. M. A.; Iraqi, A.; Nofal, M. M.; Murad, A. R.; M. Hussein, A. A Mini Review on the Development of Conjugated Polymers: Steps towards the Commercialization of Organic Solar Cells. Polymers 2023, 15 (1), 164. DOI: 10.3390/polym15010164.
(16) Shibasaki, K.; Tabata, K.; Yamamoto, Y.; Yasuda, T.; Kijima, M. Syntheses and Photovoltaic Properties of Narrow Band Gap Donor–Acceptor Copolymers with Carboxylate–Substituted Benzodithiophene as Electron Acceptor Unit. Macromolecules 2014, 47 (15), 4987–4993. DOI: 10.1021/ma501078e.
(17) Hung, Y.–C.; Chao, C.–Y.; Dai, C.–A.; Su, W.–F.; Lin, S.–T. Band Gap Engineering via Controlling Donor–Acceptor Compositions in Conjugated Copolymers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2013, 117 (2), 690–696. DOI: 10.1021/jp3090974.
(18) Lenz, J.; Weitz, R. T. Charge transport in semiconducting polymers at the nanoscale. APL Materials 2021, 9 (11). DOI: 10.1063/5.0068098.
(19) Ohlckers, P.; Pipinys, P. Phonon–assisted tunneling in charge transport of polypyrrole thin films and nanofibers. Journal of Applied Physics 2011, 109 (8). DOI: 10.1063/1.3575329.
(20) Griggs, S.; Marks, A.; Bristow, H.; McCulloch, I. n–Type organic semiconducting polymers: stability limitations, design considerations and applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2021, 9 (26), 8099–8128. DOI: 10.1039/D1TC02048J.
(21) Dai, Y.–Z.; Ai, N.; Lu, Y.; Zheng, Y.–Q.; Dou, J.–H.; Shi, K.; Lei, T.; Wang, J.–Y.; Pei, J. Embedding electron–deficient nitrogen atoms in polymer backbone towards high performance n–type polymer field–effect transistors. Chemical Science 2016, 7 (9), 5753–5757. DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01380e.
(22) Watanabe, N.; He, W.; Nozaki, N.; Matsumoto, H.; Michinobu, T. Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution–Processable Organic Semiconductors. Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2022, 17 (22), e202200768. DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200768.
(23) Kuei, B.; Gomez, E. D. Chain conformations and phase behavior of conjugated polymers. Soft Matter 2017, 13 (1), 49–67. DOI: 10.1039/C6SM00979D.
(24) Fu, B.; Baltazar, J.; Sankar, A. R.; Chu, P.–H.; Zhang, S.; Collard, D. M.; Reichmanis, E. Enhancing Field–Effect Mobility of Conjugated Polymers Through Rational Design of Branched Side Chains. Advanced Functional Materials 2014, 24 (24), 3734–3744. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201304231.
(25) Neu, J.; Oh, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Kashani, S.; Chen, Z.; Mardiev, S.; Ade, H.; You, W. Tuning the Solubility Parameters of Conjugated Polymers via Side–Chain Engineering for All–Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry of Materials 2025, 37 (10), 3788–3798. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5c00515.
(26) Moro, S.; Siemons, N.; Drury, O.; Warr, D. A.; Moriarty, T. A.; Perdigão, L. M. A.; Pearce, D.; Moser, M.; Hallani, R. K.; Parker, J.; et al. The Effect of Glycol Side Chains on the Assembly and Microstructure of Conjugated Polymers. ACS Nano 2022, 16 (12), 21303–21314. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09464.
(27) Laysandra, L.; Njotoprajitno, A.; Prakoso, S. P.; Chiu, Y.–C. From stretchable and healable to self–healing semiconducting polymers: design and their TFT devices. Materials Advances 2022, 3 (19), 7154–7184. DOI: 10.1039/D2MA00581F.
(28) Quirk, R. P.; Kinning, D. J.; Fetters, L. J. 1 – Block Copolymers. In Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements, Allen, G., Bevington, J. C. Eds.; Pergamon, 1989; pp 1–26.
(29) Xu, Z.; Dong, Q.; Li, W. Architectural Design of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2024, 57 (5), 1869–1884. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01730.
(30) Feng, H.; Lu, X.; Wang, W.; Kang, N.–G.; Mays, J. W. Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Self–Assembly, and Applications. Polymers 2017, 9 (10), 494. DOI: 10.3390/polym9100494.
(31) Leibler, L. Theory of Microphase Separation in Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 1980, 13 (6), 1602–1617. DOI: 10.1021/ma60078a047.
(32) Mai, Y.; Eisenberg, A. Self–assembly of block copolymers. Chemical Society Reviews 2012, 41 (18), 5969–5985. DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35115c.
(33) Huang, Y.–C.; Yamamoto, S.; Chen, J.–Y.; Su, C.–J.; Jeng, U. S.; Higashihara, T.; Lin, Y.–C. Conjugated Multiblock Copolymers and Microcracked Gold Electrodes Applied for the Intrinsically Stretchable Field–Effect Transistor. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2025, 17 (14), 21521–21535. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c00047.
(34) Zheng, Q.–B.; Lin, Y.–C.; Lin, Y.–T.; Chang, Y.; Wu, W.–N.; Lin, J.–M.; Tung, S.–H.; Chen, W.–C.; Liu, C.–L. Investigating the stretchability of doped poly(3–hexylthiophene)–block–poly(butylacrylate) conjugated block copolymer thermoelectric thin films. Chemical Engineering Journal 2023, 472, 145121. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.145121.
(35) Blau, R.; Chen, A. X.; Polat, B.; Becerra, L. L.; Runser, R.; Zamanimeymian, B.; Choudhary, K.; Lipomi, D. J. Intrinsically stretchable block copolymer based on PEDOT: PSS for improved performance in bioelectronic applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14 (4), 4823–4835. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18495.
(36) Chan, E. W. C.; Sun, X.; Travas–Sejdic, J. Recent Progress and Future Prospects in Transient Polymer Electronics. Macromolecules 2023, 56 (11), 3755–3773. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00254.
(37) Qi, M.; Zhou, Y. Multimicelle aggregate mechanism for spherical multimolecular micelles: from theories, characteristics and properties to applications. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2019, 3 (10), 1994–2009. DOI: 10.1039/C9QM00442D.
(38) Iijima, S.; Ichihashi, T. SINGLE–SHELL CARBON NANOTUBES OF 1–NM DIAMETER. Nature 1993, 363 (6430), 603–605. DOI: 10.1038/363603a0.
(39) Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Saito, R. Physical properties of carbon nanotubes; World scientific, 1998.
(40) Samsonidze, G. G.; Saito, A. R.; Jorio, D. A.; Pimenta, E.; Souza, F.; Grüneis, F. A.; Dresselhaus, D. G.; Dresselhausa, M. The concept of cutting lines in carbon nanotube science. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 2003, 3 (6), 431–458. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2003.231.
(41) Saito, R.; Fujita, M.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. Electronic structure of chiral graphene tubules. Applied Physics Letters 1992, 60 (18), 2204–2206. DOI: 10.1063/1.107080.
(42) Qin, L.–C. Determination of the chiral indices (n, m) of carbon nanotubes by electron diffraction. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2007, 9 (1), 31–48. DOI: 10.1039/B614121H.
(43) Benedict, L. X.; Louie, S. G.; Cohen, M. L. Static polarizabilities of single–wall carbon nanotubes. Physical Review B 1995, 52 (11), 8541. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.52.8541.
(44) Hodge, S. A.; Bayazit, M. K.; Coleman, K. S.; Shaffer, M. S. P. Unweaving the rainbow: a review of the relationship between single–walled carbon nanotube molecular structures and their chemical reactivity. Chemical Society Reviews 2012, 41 (12), 4409–4429. DOI: 10.1039/C2CS15334C.
(45) Rathinavel, S.; Priyadharshini, K.; Panda, D. A review on carbon nanotube: An overview of synthesis, properties, functionalization, characterization, and the application. Materials Science and Engineering: B 2021, 268, 115095. DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2021.115095.
(46) Prasek, J.; Drbohlavova, J.; Chomoucka, J.; Hubalek, J.; Jasek, O.; Adam, V.; Kizek, R. Methods for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2011, 21 (40), 15872–15884. DOI: 10.1039/C1JM12254A.
(47) Chortos, A.; Pochorovski, I.; Lin, P.; Pitner, G.; Yan, X.; Gao, T. Z.; To, J. W. F.; Lei, T.; Will, J. W., III; Wong, H. S. P.; et al. Universal Selective Dispersion of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes from Commercial Sources Using a Supramolecular Polymer. ACS Nano 2017, 11 (6), 5660–5669. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01076.
(48) Qiu, L.; Ding, F. Understanding Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth for Chirality Controllable Synthesis. Accounts of Materials Research 2021, 2 (9), 828–841. DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.1c00111.
(49) Miyata, Y.; Yanagi, K.; Maniwa, Y.; Kataura, H. Optical Evaluation of the Metal–to–Semiconductor Ratio of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2008, 112 (34), 13187–13191. DOI: 10.1021/jp804006f.
(50) Zou, J.; Zhang, Q. Advances and Frontiers in Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube Electronics. Advanced Science 2021, 8 (23), 2102860. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102860.
(51) Islam, A. E.; Rogers, J. A.; Alam, M. A. Recent Progress in Obtaining Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Transistor Applications. Advanced Materials 2015, 27 (48), 7908–7937. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502918.
(52) Jamal, G. A. Chirality (n, m) dependence of band gap of semiconducting SWCNT. ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 2013, 11 (2), 38–42. DOI: 10.37936/ecti–eec.2013112.170660.
(53) El Shabrawy, K.; Maharatna, K.; Bagnall, D.; Al–Hashimi, B. M. Modeling SWCNT bandgap and effective mass variation using a Monte Carlo approach. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2009, 9 (2), 184–193. DOI: 10.1109/TNANO.2009.2028343.
(54) White, C. T.; Mintmire, J. W. Fundamental Properties of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 2005, 109 (1), 52–65. DOI: 10.1021/jp047416+.
(55) Pfohl, M.; Glaser, K.; Graf, A.; Mertens, A.; Tune, D. D.; Puerckhauer, T.; Alam, A.; Wei, L.; Chen, Y.; Zaumseil, J.; et al. Probing the Diameter Limit of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in SWCNT: Fullerene Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materials 2016, 6 (21), 1600890. DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201600890.
(56) Murakami, N.; Tango, Y.; Miyake, H.; Tajima, T.; Nishina, Y.; Kurashige, W.; Negishi, Y.; Takaguchi, Y. SWCNT Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production from Water upon Photoexcitation of (8, 3) SWCNT at 680–nm Light. Scientific Reports 2017, 7 (1), 43445. DOI: 10.1038/srep43445.
(57) Sui, N.; Ji, Y.; Li, M.; Zheng, F.; Shao, S.; Li, J.; Liu, Z.; Wu, J.; Zhao, J.; Li, L.–J. Photoprogrammed Multifunctional Optoelectronic Synaptic Transistor Arrays Based on Photosensitive Polymer–Sorted Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Image Recognition. Advanced Science 2024, 11 (29), 2401794. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401794.
(58) Su, W.; Li, X.; Li, L.; Yang, D.; Wang, F.; Wei, X.; Zhou, W.; Kataura, H.; Xie, S.; Liu, H. Chirality–dependent electrical transport properties of carbon nanotubes obtained by experimental measurement. Nature Communications 2023, 14 (1), 1672. DOI: 10.1038/s41467–023–37443–7.
(59) Liu, W.; Hierold, C.; Haluska, M. Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2014, 5, 2202–2215. DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.229.
(60) Xu, B.; Xia, Y.; Yin, J.; Wan, X.; Jiang, K.; Li, A.; Wu, D.; Liu, Z. The effect of acoustic phonon scattering on the carrier mobility in the semiconducting zigzag single wall carbon nanotubes. Applied Physics Letters 2010, 96 (18). DOI: 10.1063/1.3427419.
(61) Zheng, W.; Zorn, N. F.; Bonn, M.; Zaumseil, J.; Wang, H. I. Probing Carrier Dynamics in sp(3) –Functionalized Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Time–Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy. ACS Nano 2022, 16 (6), 9401–9409. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02199.
(62) Zorn, N. F.; Zaumseil, J. Charge transport in semiconducting carbon nanotube networks. Applied Physics Reviews 2021, 8 (4). DOI: 10.1063/5.0065730.
(63) Seemann, K. M.; Ebbecke, J.; Hörner, A. L.; Wixforth, A. Intra– and intertube tunneling transport in ropes of single–walled carbon nanotubes. Applied Physics Letters 2007, 90 (23), 232109. DOI: 10.1063/1.2746963.
(64) Huang, H.; Liu, X.; Liu, F.; Liu, C.; Liang, X.; Zhang, Z.; Liu, K.; Zhao, X.; Liao, L. Comprehensive insights into effect of van der Waals contact on carbon nanotube network field–effect transistors. Applied Physics Letters 2019, 115 (17). DOI: 10.1063/1.5100011.
(65) Cai, X.; Wang, S.; Peng, L.–M. Recent progress of photodetector based on carbon nanotube film and application in optoelectronic integration. Nano Research Energy 2023, 2, e9120058. DOI: 10.26599/NRE.2023.9120058.
(66) Feng, Y.; Miyata, Y.; Matsuishi, K.; Kataura, H. High–Efficiency Separation of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Self–Generated Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2011, 115 (5), 1752–1756. DOI: 10.1021/jp1100329.
(67) Seo, J. –W. T.; Yoder, N. L.; Shastry, T. A.; Humes, J. J.; Johns, J. E.; Green, A. A.; Hersam, M. C. Diameter Refinement of Semiconducting Arc Discharge Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes via Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2013, 4 (17), 2805–2810. DOI: 10.1021/jz4013596.
(68) Kim, S.; Kim, W. J. Gel Chromatography for Separation of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Gels 2022, 8 (2). DOI: 10.3390/gels8020076.
(69) Liu, H.; Nishide, D.; Tanaka, T.; Kataura, H. Large–scale single–chirality separation of single–wall carbon nanotubes by simple gel chromatography. Nature Communications 2011, 2 (1), 309. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1313.
(70) Fagan, J. A. Aqueous two–polymer phase extraction of single–wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants. Nanoscale Advances 2019, 1 (9), 3307–3324. DOI: 10.1039/C9NA00280D.
(71) Fagan, J. A.; Khripin, C. Y.; Silvera Batista, C. A.; Simpson, J. R.; Hároz, E. H.; Hight Walker, A. R.; Zheng, M. Isolation of specific small–diameter single–wall carbon nanotube species via aqueous two–phase extraction. Advanced Materials 2014, 26 (18), 2800–2804. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304873.
(72) Qiu, S.; Wu, K.; Gao, B.; Li, L.; Jin, H.; Li, Q. Solution–Processing of High–Purity Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics Devices. Advanced Materials 2019, 31 (9), 1800750. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800750.
(73) Janas, D. Towards monochiral carbon nanotubes: a review of progress in the sorting of single–walled carbon nanotubes. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2018, 2 (1), 36–63. DOI: 10.1039/C7QM00427C.
(74) Lei, T.; Pochorovski, I.; Bao, Z. N. Separation of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible and Stretchable Electronics Using Polymer Removable Method. Accounts of Chemical Research 2017, 50 (4), 1096–1104. DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00062.
(75) Wei, X.; Li, S.; Wang, W.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, W.; Xie, S.; Liu, H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. Advanced Science 2022, 9 (14), 2200054. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054.
(76) Nish, A.; Hwang, J. Y.; Doig, J.; Nicholas, R. J. Highly selective dispersion of single–walled carbon nanotubes using aromatic polymers. Nature Nanotechnology 2007, 2 (10), 640–646. DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.290.
(77) Zhu, M.; He, B.; Zhang, K.; Hussain, S.; Li, T. Recent progress of poly(3–hexylthiophene) –based materials for thermoelectric applications. Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2024, 8 (13), 2454–2492. DOI: 10.1039/D4QM00213J.
(78) Wang, M.; Qu, S.; Chen, Y.; Yao, Q.; Chen, L. Monodispersed semiconducting SWNTs significantly enhanced the thermoelectric performance of regioregular poly(3–dodecylthiophene) films. Carbon 2024, 217, 118654. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2023.118654.
(79) Salazar–Rios, J. M.; Talsma, W.; Derenskyi, V.; Gomulya, W.; Keller, T.; Fritsch, M.; Kowalski, S.; Preis, E.; Wang, M.; Allard, S.; et al. Understanding the Selection Mechanism of the Polymer Wrapping Technique toward Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes. Small Methods 2018, 2 (4), 1700335. DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700335.
(80) Gomulya, W.; Costanzo, G. D.; de Carvalho, E. J. F.; Bisri, S. Z.; Derenskyi, V.; Fritsch, M.; Fröhlich, N.; Allard, S.; Gordiichuk, P.; Herrmann, A.; et al. Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Demand by Polymer Wrapping. Advanced Materials 2013, 25 (21), 2948–2956. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300267.
(81) Talsma, W.; Ye, G.; Liu, Y. R.; Duim, H.; Dijkstra, S.; Tran, K.; Qu, J. L.; Song, J.; Chiechi, R. C.; Loi, M. A. Efficient Selective Sorting of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Ultra–Narrow–Band–Gap Polymers. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14 (33), 38056–38066. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07158.
(82) Jung, J.; Suh, E. H.; Jeong, Y. J.; Yang, H. S.; Lee, T.; Jang, J. Efficient Debundling of Few–Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Wrapping with Donor–Acceptor Polymers for Improving Thermoelectric Properties. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2019, 11 (50), 47330–47339. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16012.
(83) Wang, L. H.; Pan, C. J.; Chen, Z. M.; Zhou, W. Q.; Gao, C. M.; Wang, L. Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Conjugated Polymer/Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites with Strong Stacking. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2018, 1 (9), 5075–5082. DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b01126.
(84) Huang, H. F.; Huang, S.; Li, Y.; Sun, S. Y.; Zhang, J. Y.; Xiao, H.; Wang, L.; Liu, D. Q. Modulating the Doping Effect for Carbon Nanotube–Based Thermoelectric Composites by Radical–Containing Naphthalene Diimides. Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 2024, 15 (48), 11982–11991. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02671.
(85) Ye, G.; Talsma, W.; Tran, K.; Liu, Y. R.; Dijkstra, S.; Cao, J. M.; Chen, J. H.; Qu, J. L.; Song, J.; Loi, M. A.; et al. Polar Side Chains Enhance Selection of Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Polymer Wrapping. Macromolecules 2022, 55 (4), 1386–1397. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01842.
(86) El–Refaey, A.; Kozawa, D.; Kameda, T.; Kato, Y. K.; Ito, Y.; Kawamoto, M. Diameter–selective sorting of single–walled carbon nanotubes using π–molecular tweezers for energy materials. ACS Applied Nano Materials 2023, 6 (3), 1919–1926. DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c04877.
(87) Wu, C. Y.; Jiang, G. H.; Kan, Y. C.; Huang, Y. C.; Chiu, C. C.; Shih, C. C.; Lin, Y. C. Fine–tuning the backbone coplanarity and energy level of diketopyrrolopyrrole–based conjugated polymers for single–walled carbon nanotube sorting and field–effect transistor applications. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2026, 14, 2650–2660. DOI: 10.1039/D5TC03736K.
(88) Chen, Y. C.; Matsuda, M.; Tung, Y. H.; Jiang, G. H.; Kan, Y. C.; Su, S. W.; Shih, C. C.; Higashihara, T.; Lin, Y. C. Acceptor–Acceptor–Type Conjugated Polymers for Energy Level Modulation in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Transistors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2026, 18 (1), 2265–2276. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c21549.
(89) Su, E.–J.; Chang, T.–W.; Lin, F.–Y.; Lu, S.–T.; Tsai, Y.–T.; Khan, S.; Weng, Y.–C.; Shih, C.–C. Efficient Sorting of Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Bio–Renewable Solvents Through Main–Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers. Small 2024, 20 (43), 2403651. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403651.
(90) Dzienia, A.; Just, D.; Taborowska, P.; Mielanczyk, A.; Milowska, K. Z.; Yorozuya, S.; Naka, S.; Shiraki, T.; Janas, D. Mixed–Solvent Engineering as a Way around the Trade–Off between Yield and Purity of (7, 3) Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obtained Using Conjugated Polymer Extraction. Small 2023, 19 (46), 2304211. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304211.
(91) Wang, H.; Hsieh, B.; Jiménez–Osés, G.; Liu, P.; Tassone, C., J.; Diao, Y.; Lei, T.; Houk, K., N.; Bao, Z. Solvent effects on polymer sorting of carbon nanotubes with applications in printed electronics. Small 2015, 11 (1), 126–133. DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401890.
(92) Ding, J.; Li, Z.; Lefebvre, J.; Cheng, F.; Dubey, G.; Zou, S.; Finnie, P.; Hrdina, A.; Scoles, L.; Lopinski, G. P.; Kingston, C. T.; Simard, B.; Malenfant, P. R. L. Enrichment of large–diameter semiconducting SWCNTs by polyfluorene extraction for high network density thin film transistors. Nanoscale 2014, 6(4), 2328–2339. DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05511f.
(93) Stürzl, N.; Hennrich, F.; Lebedkin, S.; Kappes, M. M. Near Monochiral Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersions in Organic Solvents. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2009, 113(33), 14628–14632. DOI: 10.1021/jp902788y.
(94) Imin, P.; Cheng, F.; Adronov, A. The effect of molecular weight on the supramolecular interaction between a conjugated polymer and single–walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer Chemistry 2011, 2(6), 1404–1408. DOI: 10.1039/c1py00023c.
(95) Rice, N. A.; Subrahmanyam, A. V.; Laengert, S. E.; Adronov, A. The effect of molecular weight on the separation of semiconducting single–walled carbon nanotubes using poly(2,7–carbazole)s. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2015, 53(21), 2510–2516. DOI: 10.1002/pola.27715.
(96) Jakubka, F.; Schießl, S. P.; Martin, S.; Englert, J. M.; Hauke, F.; Hirsch, A.; Zaumseil, J. Effect of Polymer Molecular Weight and Solution Parameters on Selective Dispersion of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Macro Letters 2012, 1(7), 815–819. DOI: 10.1021/mz300147g.
(97) Mburu, M. M.; Au–Duong, A.–N.; Li, W.–T.; Wu, C.–C.; Cheng, Y.–H.; Chen, K.–L.; Chiang, W.–H.; Chiu, Y.–C. The Impacts of Polyisoprene Physical Interactions on Sorting of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2021, 42 (19), 2100327. DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100327.
(98) Chen, M.–N.; Iwasaki, R.; Ashiya, M.; Zhao, H.; Hong, Q.–A.; Li, Y.–T.; Chen, K.–L.; Mburu, M. M.; Li, W.–T.; Gu, X.; et al. Block copolymer architectures with poly(ε–caprolactone) for modulating interactions to enhance selectivity and stability of semiconducting single–walled carbon nanotube dispersions. Chemical Engineering Journal 2025, 519, 165430. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2025.165430.
(99) Oliveras–Santos, S.; Li, S.; Maity, N.; Arnold, M. S.; Gopalan, P. Emergent Dispersion and Sorting Behaviors of Carbon Nanotubes When Combining Short Conjugated Oligomers with Nonconjugated Coil Segments. Macromolecules 2024, 57 (8), 3588–3594. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00363.
(100) Wu, K.; Hong, J.; Qi, X.; Ye, H.; Li, Z.; Cong, C.; Liu, J.; Li, X.; Ryu, K. Y.; Nam, S. Y.; et al. Screen printing of silver nanoparticles on the source/drain electrodes of organic thin–film transistors. Organic Electronics 2022, 106, 106524. DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2022.106524.
(101) Shiraishi, N.; Lu, J.; Fauzi, F. B.; Imaizumi, R.; Tsukahara, T.; Mogari, S.; Iida, S.; Matsukura, Y.; Teramoto, S.; Yokoi, K.; et al. Basic Characteristics of Ionic Liquid–Gated Graphene FET Sensors for Nitrogen Cycle Monitoring in Agricultural Soil. Biosensors 2025, 15 (1), 55. DOI: 10.3390/bios15010055.
(102) Yahya, N.; Mat Razali, N. A. Review on Electrochemical and Biosensors and Their Application. In Advancements in Materials Science and Technology Led by Women, Ismail, A., Nur Zulkipli, F., Husin, H. S., Öchsner, A. Eds.; Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023; pp 173–198.
(103) Liu, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Kang, L.; Qiu, S.; Li, Q. Molecular Doping Modulation and Applications of Structure–Sorted Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Review. Small 2024, 20 (3), 2304075. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304075.
(104) Chen, S.; Luo, C.; Qin, W.; Yang, Z.; Liao, T.; Jiang, C. Enhanced Radiation Tolerance of MoS2 FET via Al2O3 Insertion on SiO2 Dielectric. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2025, 129 (36), 16445–16453. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5c04658.
(105) Ye, H.; Kwon, H.–J.; Kim, Y.; Park, S. B.; Wang, R.; Benliang, H.; Gwon, J. –E.; Wu, K.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, H.; et al. Photo–Curable Fluorinated High–k Polyimide Dielectrics by Polar Side Substitution Effect for Low–Voltage Operating Flexible Printed Electronics. Advanced Functional Materials 2025, 35 (2), 2412418. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202412418.
(106) Zhao, W.; Fu, G. –E.; Yang, H.; Zhang, T. Two–Dimensional Conjugated Polymers: a New Choice For Organic Thin–Film Transistors. Chemistry – An Asian Journal 2024, 19 (3), e202301076. DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301076.
(107) Sze, S. M.; Lee, M. K. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology. In MOS Capacitor and MOSFET ; 3rd ed.; John Wiley & Sons, 2012; pp 188.
(108) Han, B.; Zhao, Y.; Ma, C.; Wang, C.; Tian, X.; Wang, Y.; Hu, W.; Samorì, P. Asymmetric Chemical Functionalization of Top–Contact Electrodes: Tuning the Charge Injection for High–Performance MoS2 Field–Effect Transistors and Schottky Diodes. Advanced Materials 2022, 34 (12), 2109445. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109445.
(109) Lu, G.; Ji, T.; He, S.; Ai, F.; Yan, L.; Hu, J. Recent Progress of Exhaled Gas–Based Diagnosis Based on Field Effect Transistor Sensors. Advanced Functional Materials 2025, 35 (21), 2309111. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202309111.
(110) Shen, Z.; Huang, W.; Li, L.; Li, H.; Huang, J.; Cheng, J.; Fu, Y. Research Progress of Organic Field–Effect Transistor Based Chemical Sensors. Small 2023, 19 (41), 2302406. DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302406.
(111) Tung, Y. H.; Su, S. W.; Su, E. J.; Jiang, G. H.; Chen, C. C.; Yu, S. S.; Chiu, C. C.; Shih, C. C.; Lin, Y. C. Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes with Light–Driven Gating Behaviors in Phototransistor Memory Utilizing an N–Type Conjugated Polymer Sorting. Small Science 2024, 4 (4), 12. DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202300268.
(112) Kim, Y.; Shin, J.; Oh, S.; Kim, Y.; Kwon, O.; Kim, Y.; Park, S.; Won, D.; Park, W.; Lim, B.; et al. Highly Reliable and Uniform Synaptic Transistors Enabled by a Polymer–Engineered Semiconducting Nanotube Network. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2026, 18 (14), 20877–20889. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c26369.
(113) Ding, G.; Han, S.–T.; Kuo, C.–C.; Roy, V. A. L.; Zhou, Y. Porphyrin–Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for Neuromorphic Electronics. Small Structures 2023, 4 (2), 2200150. DOI: 10.1002/sstr.202200150.
(114) Feng, J.; Qiu, Y.; Jiang, L.; Wu, Y. Long–Range–Ordered Assembly of Micro–/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces. Advanced Materials 2022, 34 (9), 2106857. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106857.
(115) Pavlov, A.; Mitin, D.; Vorobyev, A.; Raudik, S.; Berdnikov, Y.; Mozharov, A.; Mikhailovskii, V.; Krasnikov, D. V.; Kopylova, D. S.; Polozkov, R.; Nasibulin, A. G.; Mukhin, I. Conductivity–based approach to estimate average bundle length in randomly oriented network of single–walled carbon nanotubes. Applied Physics Letters 2023, 123 (1), 011904. DOI: 10.1063/5.0155608.
(116) Zhao, Y.–M.; Hu, X.–G.; Shi, C.; Ding, W.–T.; Hou, P.–X.; Liu, C.; Cheng, H.–M. A high–performance photodetector based on small–bundled single–wall carbon nanotube film/silicon heterojunctions. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2022, 10 (32), 16986–16994. DOI: 10.1039/D2TA04209F.
(117) Treacy, M. J.; Ebbesen, T. W.; Gibson, J. M. Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. Nature 1996, 381 (6584), 678–680. DOI: 10.1038/381678a0.
(118) Chortos, A.; Zhu, C.; Oh, J. Y.; Yan, X.; Pochorovski, I.; To, J. W.–F.; Liu, N.; Kraft, U.; Murmann, B.; Bao, Z. Investigating limiting factors in stretchable all–carbon transistors for reliable stretchable electronics. ACS Nano 2017, 11 (8), 7925–7937. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02458.
(119) Xu, F.; Wu, M.–Y.; Safron, N. S.; Roy, S. S.; Jacobberger, R. M.; Bindl, D. J.; Seo, J.–H.; Chang, T.–H.; Ma, Z.; Arnold, M. S. Highly Stretchable Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Ion Gel Gate Dielectrics. Nano Letters 2014, 14 (2), 682–686. DOI: 10.1021/nl403941a.
(120) Yu, I.; Ye, Y.; Moon, S.; Lee, S.–K.; Joo, Y. A Bendable, Stretchable Transistor with Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films. Advanced Materials Interfaces 2019, 6 (23), 1900945. DOI: 10.1002/admi.201900945.
(121) Marchesin, A.; Naclerio, A.; Riente, F.; Graziano, M. Beyond Von Neumann Architectures: Exploring Algorithmic Opportunities via Octantis. IEEE Access 2024, 12, 120005–120022. DOI: 10.1109/access.2024.3450105.
(122) Lin, Y. C.; Yang, W. C.; Chiang, Y. C.; Chen, W. C. Recent Advances in Organic Phototransistors: Nonvolatile Memory, Artificial Synapses, and Photodetectors. Small Science 2022, 2 (4), 27. DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202100109.
(123) Ghazanfar, H.; Rabeel, M.; Kim, H.; Nisar, S.; Tahir, M. S.; Ahmad, M.; Zulfiqar, M. W.; Imran, M.; Dastgeer, G.; Kim, D. K. Comparative analysis of two–terminal memristors, three–terminal transistors, and their integration in neuromorphic computing. Materials Today Physics 2025, 59, 19. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtphys.2025.101929.
(124) Salleo, A.; Street, R. Light–induced bias stress reversal in polyfluorene thin–film transistors. Journal of Applied Physics 2003, 94 (1), 471–479. DOI: 10.1063/1.1581352.
(125) Ullah, A.; Lamug, R.; Zhang, X.; Ostroverkhova, O.; Cheng, L.–J. Trap–mediated photogating in hybrid organic–inorganic heterojunction phototransistors for photo–memory and photodetection. Journal of Materials Chemistry C 2026, 14 (17), 7150–7160. DOI: 10.1039/D5TC04439A.
(126) Kan, Y.–C.; Yamamoto, S.; Huang, Y.–C.; Tung, Y.–H.; Jiang, G.–H.; Chen, M.–H.; Shih, C.–C.; Sun, H.; Higashihara, T.; Lin, Y.–C. Tribranched Multiblock Copolymers Mimicking the Molecular Claw Design in N–Type Conjugated Polymers for High–Yield Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Sorting and Phototransistor Memory Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2026. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6c08012.
(127) Steyrleuthner, R.; Schubert, M.; Howard, I.; Klaumünzer, B.; Schilling, K.; Chen, Z.; Saalfrank, P.; Laquai, F.; Facchetti, A.; Neher, D. Aggregation in a High–Mobility n–Type Low–Bandgap Copolymer with Implications on Semicrystalline Morphology. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012, 134 (44), 18303–18317. DOI: 10.1021/ja306844f.
(128) Wang, S.; Li, H.; Zhao, K.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Q.; Yu, X.; Tian, H.; Han, Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD–T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H–Bonding. Macromolecules 2022, 55 (7), 2497–2508. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329.
(129) Yomogida, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Zhang, M.; Yudasaka, M.; Wei, X.; Kataura, H. Industrial–scale separation of high–purity single–chirality single–wall carbon nanotubes for biological imaging. Nature Communications 2016, 7 (1), 12056. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12056.
(130) Ouyang, J.; Ding, J.; Lefebvre, J.; Li, Z.; Guo, C.; Kell, A. J.; Malenfant, P. R. L. Sorting of Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polar Solvents with an Amphiphilic Conjugated Polymer Provides General Guidelines for Enrichment. ACS Nano 2018, 12 (2), 1910–1919. DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08818.
(131) Jorio, A.; Saito, R. Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube applications. Journal of Applied Physics 2021, 129 (2). DOI: 10.1063/5.0030809.
(132) Miyata, Y.; Mizuno, K.; Kataura, H. Purity and Defect Characterization of Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using Raman Spectroscopy. Journal of Nanomaterials 2011, 2011 (1), 786763. DOI: 10.1155/2011/786763.
(133) Pagani, G.; Green, M. J.; Poulin, P.; Pasquali, M. Competing mechanisms and scaling laws for carbon nanotube scission by ultrasonication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012, 109 (29), 11599–11604. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200013109.
(134) Jorio, A.; Saito, R.; Hafner, J. H.; Lieber, C. M.; Hunter, M.; McClure, T.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Structural (n, m) Determination of Isolated Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Resonant Raman Scattering. Physical Review Letters 2001, 86 (6), 1118–1121. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.1118.
(135) Osswald, S.; Flahaut, E.; Gogotsi, Y. In Situ Raman Spectroscopy Study of Oxidation of Double– and Single–Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Chemistry of Materials 2006, 18 (6), 1525–1533. DOI: 10.1021/cm052755g.
(136) Antunes, E. F.; Lobo, A. O.; Corat, E. J.; Trava–Airoldi, V. J. Influence of diameter in the Raman spectra of aligned multi–walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2007, 45 (5), 913–921. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2007.01.003.
(137) Kalbac, M.; Kavan, L. The influence of doping on the Raman intensity of the D band in single walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon 2010, 48 (3), 832–838. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.10.036.
(138) Dillon, A. C.; Parilla, P. A.; Alleman, J. L.; Gennett, T.; Jones, K. M.; Heben, M. J. Systematic inclusion of defects in pure carbon single–wall nanotubes and their effect on the Raman D–band. Chemical Physics Letters 2005, 401 (4), 522–528. DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.104.
(139) Kataura, H.; Kumazawa, Y.; Maniwa, Y.; Umezu, I.; Suzuki, S.; Ohtsuka, Y.; Achiba, Y. Optical properties of single–wall carbon nanotubes. Synthetic Metals 1999, 103 (1), 2555–2558. DOI: 10.1016/S0379–6779(98)00278–1.
(140) Larsen, B. A.; Deria, P.; Holt, J. M.; Stanton, I. N.; Heben, M. J.; Therien, M. J.; Blackburn, J. L. Effect of Solvent Polarity and Electrophilicity on Quantum Yields and Solvatochromic Shifts of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotube Photoluminescence. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2012, 134 (30), 12485–12491. DOI: 10.1021/ja2114618.
(141) Jorio, A.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Carbon nanotubes: advanced topics in the synthesis, structure, properties and applications; Springer Science & Business Media, 2007.
(142) Sanchez, S. R.; Bachilo, S. M.; Kadria–Vili, Y.; Lin, C. –W.; Weisman, R. B. (n,m) –Specific Absorption Cross Sections of Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes Measured by Variance Spectroscopy. Nano Letters 2016, 16 (11), 6903–6909. DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02819.
(143) Streit, J. K.; Bachilo, S. M.; Ghosh, S.; Lin, C.–W.; Weisman, R. B. Directly Measured Optical Absorption Cross Sections for Structure–Selected Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Nano Letters 2014, 14 (3), 1530–1536. DOI: 10.1021/nl404791y.
(144) Lee, S.–H.; Yu, C.; Boukhili, W.; Khim, D. Selective Dispersion of Semiconducting Single–Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Conjugated Polymers: Optimization of Sonication Conditionsand Polymer Concentration. SSRN 2025, SSRN–5811743. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5811743.
(145) Alizadegan, R.; Liao, A. D.; Xiong, F.; Pop, E.; Hsia, K. J. Effects of tip–nanotube interactions on atomic force microscopy imaging of carbon nanotubes. Nano Research 2012, 5 (4), 235–247. DOI: 10.1007/s12274–012–0203–8.
(146) Frolova, L. A.; Furmansky, Y.; Shestakov, A. F.; Emelianov, N. A.; Liddell, P. A.; Gust, D.; Visoly–Fisher, I.; Troshin, P. A. Advanced Nonvolatile Organic Optical Memory Using Self–Assembled Monolayers of Porphyrin–Fullerene Dyads. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14 (13), 15461–15467. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24979.
(147) Li, Q.; Li, T.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, Z.; Li, Y.; Jin, L.; Zhao, H.; Li, J.; Yao, J. Photoerasable Organic Field–Effect Transistor Memory Based on a One–Step Solution–Processed Hybrid Floating Gate Layer. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2020, 124 (42), 23343–23351. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c06880.
(148) Xiang, D.; Liu, T.; Xu, J.; Tan, J. Y.; Hu, Z.; Lei, B.; Zheng, Y.; Wu, J.; Neto, A. H. C.; Liu, L.; et al. Two–dimensional multibit optoelectronic memory with broadband spectrum distinction. Nature Communications 2018, 9 (1), 2966. DOI: 10.1038/s41467–018–05397–w.
(149) Jorio, A.; Souza Filho, A.; Dresselhaus, G.; Dresselhaus, M.; Swan, A.; Ünlü, M.; Goldberg, B.; Pimenta, M.; Hafner, J.; Lieber, C. G–band resonant Raman study of 62 isolated single–wall carbon nanotubes. Physical Review B 2002, 65 (15), 155412. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.155412.
(150) Xie, T.; Wang, Q.; Li, M.; Fang, Y.; Li, G.; Shao, S.; Yu, W.; Wang, S.; Gu, W.; Zhao, C.; et al. Carbon Nanotube Optoelectronic Synapse Transistor Arrays with Ultra–Low Power Consumption for Stretchable Neuromorphic Vision Systems. Advanced Functional Materials 2023, 33 (37), 2303970. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202303970.
(151) Oh, H.; Kim, H.; Yoo, H.; Park, B.; Chung, S.; Lee, B.; Hong, Y. Inkjet–printing–based density profile engineering of single–walled carbon nanotube networks for conformable high–on/off–performance thin–film transistors. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13 (36), 43163–43173. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11891.
(152) Usov, I.; Mezzenga, R. FiberApp: An Open–Source Software for Tracking and Analyzing Polymers, Filaments, Biomacromolecules, and Fibrous Objects. Macromolecules 2015, 48 (5), 1269–1280. DOI: 10.1021/ma502264c.
(153) Chen, C. C.; Su, S. W.; Tung, Y. H.; Wang, P. Y.; Yu, S. S.; Chiu, C. C.; Shih, C. C.; Lin, Y. C. High–Performance Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Transistors Using Naphthalene Diimide–Based Polymers with Biaxially Extended Conjugated Side Chains. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2024, 16 (34), 45275–45288. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08981.
(154) Weng, Y.–C.; Kang, C.–C.; Chang, T.–W.; Tsai, Y.–T.; Khan, S.; Hung, T.–M.; Shih, C.–C. Design Principles for Enhancing Both Carrier Mobility and Stretchability in Polymer Semiconductors via Lewis Acid Doping. Advanced Materials 2025, 37 (3), 2411572. DOI: 10.1002/adma.202411572.
(155) Wu, H.–C.; Nikzad, S.; Zhu, C.; Yan, H.; Li, Y.; Niu, W.; Matthews, J. R.; Xu, J.; Matsuhisa, N.; Arunachala, P. K.; Rastak, R.; Linder, C.; Zheng, Y.–Q.; Toney, M. F.; He, M.; Bao, Z. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor thin films with multi–modal energy dissipation and high relative stretchability. Nature Communications 2023, 14 (1), 8382. DOI: 10.1038/s41467–023–44099–w.
(156) Kim, Y.; Ahn, H.; Yoo, D.; Sung, M.; Yoo, H.; Park, S.; Lee, J.; Lee, B. H. A Semi–Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor with Thin Film Stretchability Exceeding 200%. Advanced Science 2023, 10 (22), 2302683. DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302683.
(157) Tien, H.–C.; Li, X.; Liu, C. J.; Li, Y.; He, M.; Lee, W.–Y. Photo–Patternable Stretchable Semi–Interpenetrating Polymer Semiconductor Network Using Thiol–Ene Chemistry for Field–Effect Transistors. Advanced Functional Materials 2023, 33 (15), 2211108. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202211108.
(158) Zhu, M.; Li, Y.; Wang, C.; Shao, Z.; Shi, W.; Chen, J.; Yang, Z.; Bian, Y.; Qin, M.; Zhu, Z.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, H.; Guo, Y.; Liu, Y. Atom–Knotting Enables High–Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry of Materials 2024, 36 (17), 8274–8285. DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01146.
(159) An, C.; Dong, W.; Pei, D.; Qin, X.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, B.; Bu, L.; Chen, H.; Han, Y.; Chi, C.; Geng, Y. Elastic Semiconductor Blends with High Strain Cycling Durability Using an Oligothiophene–Based Multiblock Polyurethane Matrix. Macromolecules 2023, 56 (14), 5314–5325. DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c00703.
(160) Zhong, D.; Wu, C.; Jiang, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Kim, M.–G.; Nishio, Y.; Shih, C.–C.; Wang, W.; Lai, J.–C.; Ji, X.; Gao, T. Z.; Wang, Y.–X.; Xu, C.; Zheng, Y.; Yu, Z.; Gong, H.; Matsuhisa, N.; Zhao, C.; Lei, Y.; Liu, D.; Zhang, S.; Ochiai, Y.; Liu, S.; Wei, S.; Tok, J. B. H.; Bao, Z. High–speed and large–scale intrinsically stretchable integrated circuits. Nature 2024, 627 (8003), 313–320. DOI: 10.1038/s41586–024–07096–7.
(161) Liu, K.; Bian, Y.; Kuang, J.; Li, Q.; Liu, Y.; Shi, W.; Zhao, Z.; Huang, X.; Zhu, Z.; Guo, Y.; Liu, Y. Carbon nanotube–based van der Waals heterojunction electrodes for high–performance intrinsically stretchable organic photoelectric transistors. Giant 2021, 7, 100060. DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2021.100060.
(162) Liang, J.; Li, L.; Chen, D.; Hajagos, T.; Ren, Z.; Chou, S.–Y.; Hu, W.; Pei, Q. Intrinsically stretchable and transparent thin–film transistors based on printable silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes and an elastomeric dielectric. Nature Communications 2015, 6 (1), 7647. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8647.
(163) Jiao, H.; Zhang, M.; Du, C.; Zhang, Z.; Huang, W.; Huang, Q. Intrinsically stretchable all–carbon–nanotube transistors with styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene as gate dielectrics integrated by photolithography–based process. RSC Advances 2020, 10 (14), 8080–8086. DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10534D.

校外：立即公開

簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

相關論文