海洋自生性硫化鐵礦物為探索早成岩作用氧化還原環境之重要指標，但文獻紀錄顯示吾人對於自生性磁黃鐵礦的成分、結構及岩象組織之認知有限。本研究以礦物學角度研究西南海域永安海脊MD178-10-3276及好景海脊MD178-10-3292兩岩心所見自生性磁黃鐵礦之特性，使用掃瞄式電子顯微鏡、能量分散光譜儀與電子背向散射繞射儀，解析磁黃鐵礦與其它硫化鐵礦物在沉積物中之組織及成份變化，並以穿透式電子顯微鏡鑑定磁黃鐵礦之結構類型，藉以瞭解早成岩作用磁黃鐵礦與其他硫化鐵礦物間的生成關係，並用以探討磁黃鐵礦之生成環境與意義。
本研究分析結果顯示MD178-10-3276岩心之0489-0491、1141-1143及1200-1204 cmbsf三個深度標本中之硫化鐵結核粒由黃鐵礦、次微米磁黃鐵礦針板狀晶簇、氧化鐵物質及少量矽酸鹽組成。最淺處結核粒礦物生成順序為早期蔓生黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦和後期自形或半自形黃鐵礦，後期黃鐵礦化反映現今硫酸鹽─甲烷界面（~2.5 mbsf）之強烈硫酸鹽還原作用；較深處兩標本結核粒中之生成順序為不同程度之蔓生黃鐵礦、磁黃鐵礦及氧化鐵物質，而至後期磁黃鐵礦生長於結核粒孔隙及邊緣。整體而言，氧化鐵物質比例隨深度增加而升高，自生磁黃鐵礦之鐵硫莫耳比平均為0.858至0.876。MD178-10-3292岩心的硫化鐵礦物包含碎屑源及自生性磁黃鐵礦，以及自生性黃鐵礦、四方硫鐵礦和硫複鐵礦。其中碎屑源磁黃鐵礦之Fe/S成分平均為0.856至0.862，自生性磁黃鐵礦之Fe/S成分平均為0.862至0.876。磁黃鐵礦結核粒針板狀晶粒可達數微米厚，數十微米寬，可與酸可萃取硫化物集結成結核粒或生成於結核粒之孔隙或邊緣，其分布並未侷限於硫酸鹽─甲烷界面（~4.5 mbsf）或其他特定深度。穿透式電子顯微鏡分析顯示此二岩心硫化鐵結核粒中之自生磁黃鐵礦主要具有3C（nA）及4C兩種層狀結構，且顯現兩者互相不規則成層交錯之特徵，可能代表低溫過飽和變動化學環境沉澱之特徵。
磁黃鐵礦與四方硫鐵礦具有相似之pH-Eh假穩定範圍，但生成產狀暗示磁黃鐵礦之形成需有四方硫鐵礦或單硫化鐵前身，且多伴隨生成菱鐵礦，可能生成於硫酸鹽—甲烷界面以下之深度。磁黃鐵礦與其他硫化鐵礦物之複雜交替生長關係顯示其為非穩定態成岩作用之產物，符合具有變動性甲烷通量之冷泉沉積物的特有現象。

Authigenesis and mineralogical properties of pyrrhotite in cored sediments from Yung-An Ridge (MD178-10-3276) and Good Weather Ridge (MD178-10-3292) were investigated utilizing electron microscopy. Iron-sulfide nodules in sediment core MD178-10-3276 are composed of pyrite, iron oxides and clusters of acicular laths of pyrrhotite crystals sub-micrometers in thickness, with minor detrital silicates. The MD178-10-3292 pyrrhotite occurs as platy crystals up to several micrometers in thickness and tens of micrometers in width formed in pore space or peripheral regions of acid-volatile-sulfide nodules below or above the sulfate-methane transition zone. The pyrrhotites from the two sediment cores have compositions approximating Fe7S8. Transmission electron microscopic analysis indicated that the pyrrhotite crystals have a 3C (nA) or 4C structure, mostly with some degrees of disordered interstratification of these two types of structures. Such metastable disordered structures may be characteristic of pyrrhotite precipitation under high degrees of supersaturation in marine environments with dramatic chemical variations. Both pyrrhotite and mackninawite can form metastably in neutral to alkaline solution under reducing conditions at low temperatures, but field evidence implied that formation of pyrrhotite needs the presence of pre-existing mackinawite or other iron monosulfides below the sulfate-methane transition zone. Complex alternating growths among pyrrhotite and other iron sulfides signify a record of non-steady state diagenesis governed by rapidly changing redox conditions in pore fluids, consistent with time-varying methane flux featuring in most cold-seep sediments.

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