本研究目的係開發一結合活性碳採樣的有機溶劑採樣結果、直讀式量測技術（光離子化偵測器，Photo Ionization Detector，簡稱PID）的總揮發性有機物（Total Volatile Organic Compounds, TVOCs）測值、以及生物偵測的尿中丙酮濃度之方法，並結合長期作業場所的TVOCs濃度資料庫，利用貝氏決策分析（Bayesian Decision Analysis, BDA）技術，來評估丙酮製造與使用業勞工之長期有機溶劑暴露量。本研究各選取一間丙酮製造廠、石英晶片製造廠、半導體零件洗淨廠、油墨生產廠進行採樣。結果顯示：活性碳管量測作業場所之丙酮濃度依序為:半導體零件洗淨廠>油墨生產廠>石英晶片製造廠>丙酮製造廠；勞工之丙酮暴露濃度依序為:油墨生產廠>半導體零件洗淨廠>石英晶片製造廠>丙酮製造廠；各相似暴露族群（Similar Exposure Groups, SEGs）的丙酮推估暴露量（由區域採樣結果和勞工時間活動模式所求得）和丙酮實際暴露量（由個人活性碳管採樣結果求得）之間具高度相關（R²=0.86~0.99）。貝氏決策分析評估勞工長期有機溶劑暴露風險之結果顯示:各SEG在長期丙酮暴露下，其丙酮暴露量皆小於50 %容許暴露限值（Permissible Exposure Limit, PEL）；而油墨生產廠勞工的丁酮和二甲基甲醯胺暴露量亦皆小於50% PEL。將四間工廠勞工依佩戴的防護具種類進行區分，其尿中丙酮暴露量與勞工個人丙酮暴露量之間皆為高度相關，如：佩戴平面式活性碳口罩者（R²=0.74）、或活性碳濾毒罐者（R²=0.55）。經由BDA分析後，結果顯示各SEG在長期丙酮暴露下，其尿中丙酮暴露量介於10%~250% PEL；然而，各SEG的尿中丙酮濃度皆高於相對應的生物暴露指標值（biological exposure index, BEI），其長期尿中丙酮濃度有99.9%的機率超過相對應的BEI值。利用此BEI值來發展丙酮八小時PEL-TWA之建議值，本研究分析結果顯示此BEI值約為我國目前丙酮時量平均容許濃度（Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted Average, TLV-TWA）的五分之一；此結果可作為其中一個支持ACGIH於2014年降低TLV-TWA至250 ppm之建議。綜合上述，本研究認為以個人有機溶劑暴露推估之修正模式，搭配長期長期作業場所TVOCs數據所建立之方法可有效評估及管理丙酮製造與使用業勞工之長期暴露風險。

The purpose of this study is to develop a method which combines charcoal tube organic solvent sampling results, direct-reading instrument (Photo Ionization Detector, PID) total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) sampling results, and biological monitoring (urinary acetone) results, with a long-term database of TVOCs measured values, via the use of the Bayesian decision analysis (BDA) technique, for assessing workers’ long-term organic solvent exposures in acetone manufacturing and using industries. One acetone manufacturing industry, one quartz wafer manufacturing industry, one semiconductor component cleaning industry, and one ink production industry were selected for conducting samplings. Results show that high correlations were found (R²=0.86~0.99) between estimated acetone exposures (obtained from the area charcoal sampling results and workers’ time/activity pattern) and actual acetone exposures (using personal charcoal tube sampling results) of the designated similar exposure groups (SEGs). Workers long-term exposures estimated based BDA show that organic solvent (acetone, MEK, DMF) exposure levels for all SEGs were consistently less than 0.5 permissible exposure limit (PEL). High correlations were also found between urinary acetone exposures and workers’ personal acetone exposures (i.e., for those who wore flat activated carbon (AC) masks (R²=0.74), and AC canisters (R²=0.55), respectively). Through the use of BDA, results show all investigated SEGs’ long-term urinary acetone exposures were consistently falling between 10%~250% PEL for acetone. In conclusion, the method combined the corrected models of personal organic solvents exposures and long-term TVOCs values in the workplaces was applicable to conduct and manage long-term exposure risk for workers in acetone manufacturing and using industries.

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