本研究主要目標為去除TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display)廢水中有機氮污染物。應用三段式生物程序，第一段厭氧水解、第二段好氧硝化與第三段厭氧氨氧化程序，分階段降解廢水中氮污染物質。光電廢水中主要成份包括TMAH (Tetramethylammoium hydroxide)、DMSO (Dimethylsuphoxide)與MEA (Monoethanolammine)等。經由第一段厭氧生物程序將有機碳與有機硫轉換為氣相的甲烷與硫化氫，並將夾帶的有機氮轉換為離子態的氨氮；而第二段好氧硝化則控制為部分硝化(亞硝酸化)程序，將厭氧出流水中氨氮，利用氧氣通量控制氧化50%氨氮至亞硝酸氮；最後由第三段厭氧氨氧化程序，將氨氮與亞硝酸氮轉化至氮氣，達到去除廢水中有機氮的污染物之目的。
　　本研究之生物單元操作策略分為兩個階段：第一階段為各單元操作參數之調控。第一段厭氧水解程序為了克服污泥流失的問題，運用添加活性碳載體之策略，可維持槽中微生物量10000 mg MLVSS L-1以上；且在有機氮體積負荷(Volume Loading Rate, VLR) 0.2 kg N m-3 d-1，可將實際光電廢水90%以上有機氮有效水解出氨氮。第二段亞硝酸化程序為探討控制硝化比例(氨氮/亞硝酸)，以人工配製氯化銨為基質，體機負荷約0.4 kg N m-3 d-1，運用氧氣通量控制策略，可穩定控制亞硝酸化中約50-60%氨氮氧化至亞硝酸氮。第三段厭氧氨氧化程序承接第二段之出流水，利用生物膜載體與縮短水力停留時間(HRT, hydraulic retention time)的提升負荷策略，可於二個月內明顯提升植種源之厭氧氨氧化活性，體機負荷為0.4 kg N m-3 d-1，可將80%的總無機氮轉化至氮氣。
　　第二階段串連程序的功能表現中，厭氧出流水混合人工基質之廢水仍殘留有機氮10-20 mg N L-1與COD 50-60mg O L-1，導入第二段亞硝酸化反應槽中，好氧的氨氧化菌仍能夠轉化40-50%的氨氮至亞硝酸氮，而該條件下卻導致第三段厭氧氨氧化槽，總無機氮轉化速率由200-250 mg N L-1 d-1減少至100 mg N L-1 d-1，同時搭配階層寡核甘酸引子延伸技術顯示有機氮與COD確實造成自營性的厭氧氨氧化優勢族群變遷，然而該三段式生物程序操作之結果下第三段脫氮反應仍以厭氧氨氧化反應為主，同時應用特定DNA引子進行分子生物檢測方法，測得厭氧氨氧化菌種族群，與荷蘭及日本此專長研究群所鑒定之菌種Brocadia sinica與Kuenenia stuttgartiensis有所相似性，也驗證氨氮半氧化與全還原之生化反應機制，可發展處理光電製程廢水。

In this study, a three-stage biological process was applied for nitrogen removal from Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) manufacturing wastewater. The main containments, including TMAH (Tetramethylammonium hydroxide), DMSO (Dimethylthylsuphoxide) and MEA (Monoethanolamine), were non-biodegradable and ineffective for conventional biological process. Therefore, the first-stage was an anaerobic hydrolysis process that could degrade complex and toxic organic nitrogen to ammonium under high reductive potential (absolutely anaerobic) condition. The second-stage was nitritation process that partially oxidizes the ammonium to nitrite from the effluent of first-stage. The third-stage was ANAMMOX process that converted ammonium and nitrite to nitrogen gas from the effluent of second-stage.
The operating strategy of this study including two phases: In the first phase, three units was operated individually for optimization of operating parameters and enrichment of functional microorganism. To overcome sludge washing out problem in first anaerobic hydrolysis process, powder activated carbon was added as carrier to increase mixed liquid volatile suspended solid in the reactor. In the first reactor the maximum VLRN and hydrolysis efficiency was 0.2 kg N m-3 d-1 and 95% with an adequate F/M ratio of 0.02 kg N (kg VSS)-1 d-1(MLVSS of 10000 mg L-1). An oxygen flux controlling method was applied for selection of AOB and NOB groups in second reactor and a stable nitritation (NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio of effluent is 0.5 to 1.5) could achieve for over ten months. Due to a very slow growth of ANAMMOX bacteria, the biofilm growth and/or granulation of sludge was a top priority in start-up period of ANAMMOX (third) reactor. The combination of non-woven as carrier of biofilm and a shorter HRT as the operating strategy, the designed load (0.4 kg N m-3 d-1) could achieve within only 2 months of operation. After start-up period, stable ANAMMOX reaction was maintained the nitrogen removal rate and efficiency were in range 0.2-0.3 kg N m-3 d-1 and 70-80%.
In the second phase, the effluent of anaerobic hydrolysis process which was diluted to ca 200 mg NH4+-N L-1 and 50-60 mg COD L-1 was introducing to the nitritation process. Under this condition, the aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) could convert 40-50% ammonium to nitrite in second stage process. However, the conversion rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) was decreased from 0.2-0.3 kg N m-3 d-1 to 100 kg N m-3 d-1. Combination of the 3rd-stage bioreactor performance and Hierarchical Oligonucleotide Primer Extension (HOPE) results, it showed a community shift between Candidatus Brocadia sinica and Kuenenia stuttgartiensis with the effluent contain some residua COD and organic nitrogen. In sum, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) was still the main biochemical metabolism of nitrogen removal in this three stage biological process. In microbial analysis, Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Brocadia sinica are respectively the dominating role in reactor that was similar to previous staudy of Netherland and Japan groups.

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