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研究生: 吳金水
Wu, Chin-Shui
論文名稱: 階梯式混凝土塊固床工設計之初步探討
指導教授: 嚴沛華
Yen, Pei-Hwa
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系碩士在職專班
Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering (on the job class)
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 137
中文關鍵詞: 階梯式混凝土塊固床工(堰)河川沖刷標準作業程序(規範)
外文關鍵詞: River erosion, SOP (guidelines), Stepped concrete grade control structures (weir)
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  •   臺灣地區具有降雨量大、瞬間雨量集中之水文特性,又有山高坡陡、地質破碎之地形特性,造成河川集流時間短、瞬間洪峰高、洪水流速湍急、泥砂含量大、洪枯流量差異顯著等特性。由於臺灣主要河川長期受到人為採砂及來砂減少影響,致河道常見沖刷情事,河床逐年降低,深水河槽亦受水流切割變深,危及河防安全及各種跨河構造物,如堤防、護岸、橋樑、取水工及管路等之功能,甚而造成如堤防潰決、橋樑斷裂、取水工無法取水等災害,造成人民生命財產之損失,河防及交通安全之虞慮。
      早期對河川之防治措施如堤防加高及橋樑各種保護工法如蛇籠工法、混凝土護坦工法、包墩或混凝土塊圍繞法、排樁工法、拋石工法或近橋樑下游之簡易固床工等設施,常無法達到預期功效。階梯式混凝土塊固床工之施作,因其整體穩定性佳,又有分段跌水消能特性,且歷經多次洪水,已證明可有效穩定河槽,保護跨河構造物,故近來施做甚多。因階梯式混凝土塊固床工造價甚高,各河川之水文特性又迥異,為增進該建造物之安全及成效,階梯式混凝土塊固床工之設計宜有標準作業程序(規範)。
      本研究即針對既有之固床工設施,由各案例之受損情況,研判原因,並由前人研究、調查及實驗成果,考量設計時所需資料及分析事項,彙整並研提可能之處理對策,擬定較完整之管控流程,提出階梯式混凝土塊固床工設計之標準作業程序(規範),供規劃、設計之依據。本研究提出:設計目的、設計流程、設計原則、基本資料收集、水理分析、固床工(堰)址及高程之選定、固床工布置、對上下游構造物之影響評估、穩定分析、生態需求考量、環境景觀之調和、其他考量、工程費概估、方案評估與選定等各階段之工作內容、執行步驟等,最後並以「高屏溪斜張橋下游固床工」之設計實例說明階梯式混凝土塊固床工設計時之標準作業程序。

      Heavy and rapid concentrating rainfalls are the hydrologic characteristics in Taiwan as well as the steep slope mountains and the fractured geological features. These specific properties caused short concentration time, instantaneously large peak, and rapid flood flow, remarkable discharge variations of flood/ dry season and amounted sedimentation transport in river flows. In addition to the long-term sand/ gravel dredging and reduction of sediment inflow to rivers, channel erosion occurred apparently which scoured and lowered the river bed and hence brings up damages of hydraulic structures such as dikes, river banks, bridges, intake works and pipe crossings. Disaster and lost could be happened due to these hydraulic structures failure.
      Various protections measures such as deepen dikes toes, bridge protections works using gabion, concrete apron, concrete enclose piers, row piles arrangement, riprap or simple downstream grade control structures could not meet the protection requirement. Stepped concrete grade control structures (weir) have been used lately and proved to be successful through several typhoon/flood events due to the entirety stability and energy dissipation properties. Because of the highly constructed costs and ambiguous stream hydrologic characteristics, the standard operation procedure (SOP) or guidelines of stepped concrete grade control structures (weir) design is necessary for safety, efficiency and protection purpose.
      This article proposed the constructing designed SOP which is based on damaged case studies of river prevention works, papers reviewed, field investigations and model test results to supply the step by step items including: project goal, design procedure and principles, data collection, hydraulic analysis, control structure (weir) site and elevation decision making, alignment of the structures, influencing assessment of up and down stream structures, construction stability analysis, bionomics balance and scenery harmony considerations, options, cost evaluations and alternatives selecting. Finally, the project of river protection works downstream the cable stayed bridge of Kao-Ping River has been provided as an example to describe the deign SOP and for future constructing references.

    1.摘 要 ·····································Ⅰ 2.ABSTRACT···································II 3.誌 謝····································III 4.目 錄······································Ⅳ 5.表目錄·····································Ⅷ 6.圖目錄······································X 7.照片目錄·································ⅩII 第一章 緒 論··································1 1.1 研究背景·································1 1.2 研究動機與目的···························5 1.3 本文組織·································6 第二章 文獻回顧·······························7 2.1 單階跌水工·······························7 2.2 多階跌水固床工··························10 2.3 已興建階梯式混凝土塊固床工(攔河堰) 之損壞情形······························10 第三章 階梯式混凝土塊固床工設計之初步探討····19 3.1 階梯式混凝土塊固床工之設計目的··········19 3.2 階梯式混凝土塊固床工之設計流程··········19 3.3 階梯式混凝土塊固床工之設計原則··········25 3.4 基本資料收集····························26 3.5 水理分析································27 3.6 固床工(堰)址及高程之選定··············31 3.7 固床工布置······························32 3.8 對上、下游構造物之影響評估············· 42 3.9 穩定分析······························· 43 3.10 生態需求考量·························· 45 3.11 環境景觀之調和·························47 3.12 其他考量·······························47 第四章 設計範例:高屏溪斜張橋下游固床工······49 4.1 計畫緣起與目的··························49 4.2 斜張橋下游固床工設計流程················51 4.3 斜張橋下游固床工設計原則················52 4.4 基本資料收集····························55 4.5 河道水理分析····························73 4.6 固床工(堰)址及高程之選定··············93 4.7 固床工斷面布置選定·····················101 4.8 固床工水理計算·························106 4.9 固床工穩定分析·························109 4.10 固床工對上、下游構造物影響評估········115 4.11 生態需求設計··························118 4.12 固床工工程費概估······················120 4.13 方案評估與選擇························121 第五章 結論與建議···························124 5.1 結 論··································124 5.2 建 議··································126

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