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研究生： 陳漢衛
Chen, Han-way
論文名稱： 生物阻塞之實驗研究
Experiment Study on Bioclogging
指導教授： 郭明錦
Kuo, Ming-Ching
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年： 2007
畢業學年度： 95
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 68
中文關鍵詞： 孔隙率 、水力梯度 、管柱試驗 、甲苯分解菌 、生物阻塞
外文關鍵詞： Porosity, Piezometric gradient, Biological clogging, Column, Toluene-utilizing bacteria
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    • 在填充玻璃珠的管柱植入甲苯分解菌，持續進流甲苯及營養鹽。在一維流試驗，監測管柱內的水力梯度及流量，觀測甲苯分解菌的成長及生物阻塞現象。在管柱進流前端微生物大量生長，孔隙率及滲透率明顯降低。當實驗室管柱發生生物阻塞時，壓力急遽上升。與文獻現地生物阻塞時，注入井擠注壓力急遽上升行為相同。

    A one-dimensional flow experiment on biological clogging was carried out by biostimulating columns packed with glass beads, sterilized and inoculated with toluene-utilizing bacteria. Biostimulation consisted of continuously injecting toluene and nutrient solution. The piezometric gradient and flow rate of the columns were monitored over time. Clogging resulted in a significant buildup of bacteria and thus large reductions in porosity and permeability close to the inlet end.

    中文摘要............................................................................................................I 英文摘要............................................................................................................II 致謝....................................................................................................................III 目錄....................................................................................................................IV 表目錄................................................................................................................VII 圖目錄................................................................................................................VIII 第一章 前言....................................................................................................1 1-1 研究目的...........................................................................................1 1-2 研究流程...........................................................................................2 第二章 文獻回顧............................................................................................4 2-1 地下水主要汙染物...........................................................................4 2-2 基質甲苯特性...................................................................................6 2-2-1 污染來源...................................................................................6 2-2-2 環境危害性...............................................................................6 2-3 生物復育技術...................................................................................9 2-3-1 基本概念...................................................................................9 2-3-2 生物復育的影響因子...............................................................10 2-3-3 生物復育的分類.......................................................................12 2-3-4 現地生物復育系統...................................................................12 2-4 生物阻塞...........................................................................................17 第三章 實驗設備、材料與方法.....................................................................21 3-1 實驗裝置...........................................................................................21 3-1-1 管柱試驗裝置............................................................................21 3-1-2 管制試驗操作條件....................................................................22 3-2 實驗藥品............................................................................................25 3-2-1 培養基及相關試劑組成............................................................25 3-2-2 實驗用水....................................................................................26 3-2-3 碳源............................................................................................26 3-2-4 無機營養鹽................................................................................27 3-2-5 葡萄糖營養液............................................................................28 3-2-6 培養基........................................................................................29 3-2-7 菌種增殖....................................................................................29 3-3 實驗儀器............................................................................................30 3-4 採樣分析方法....................................................................................31 3-4-1 採樣方法.....................................................................................31 3-4-2 甲苯分析方法.............................................................................31 3-4-3 溶氧測定.....................................................................................32 3-4-4 酸鹼值測定.................................................................................32 3-4-5 菌落數分析.................................................................................33 3-4-6 液態閃爍計數法.........................................................................34 3-4-7 氚示蹤試驗.................................................................................35 第四章 結果與討論..........................................................................................36 4-1 壓力試驗.............................................................................................36 4-2 基質甲苯消耗與溶氧及pH間之關係..............................................50 4-3 氚示蹤試驗.........................................................................................57 4-4 菌落數變化.........................................................................................59 第五章 結論與建議...........................................................................................64 5-1 結論.....................................................................................................64 5-2 建議.....................................................................................................65 參考文獻 自述 表目錄 表2-1 國內有機污染物污染案件......................................................................6 表2-2 甲苯的基本特性......................................................................................7 表2-3 甲苯對人體健康的影響..........................................................................8 表2-4 生物復育的影響因子..............................................................................11 表3-1 無機營養鹽成分及濃度..........................................................................27 表3-2 葡萄糖營養液成分及濃度......................................................................28 表3-3 Plate Count Agar成分...............................................................................29 表3-4 氚示蹤取樣時間......................................................................................35 圖目錄 圖1-1 研究流程圖............................................................................................3 圖2-1 現地常見之工程技術示意圖................................................................16 圖2-2 Edwards AFB場址地下循環系統.........................................................18 圖2-3 Edwards AFB系統中壓力水頭改變圖.................................................19 圖2-4 現地生物降解系統尺度示意圖............................................................20 圖3-1 管柱裝置圖............................................................................................23 圖3-2 A管柱示意圖........................................................................................24 圖4-1 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔1~孔2之背景值壓差動態………......38 圖4-2 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔3~孔4之背景值壓差動態…………..39 圖4-3 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔5~孔6之背景值壓差動態…………..40 圖4-4 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔1~孔2之壓差動態..............................41 圖4-5 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔3~孔4之壓差動態...............................42 圖4-6 管柱A(進流15 ppm甲苯)孔5~孔6之壓差動態...............................43 圖4-7 管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔1~孔2之背景值壓差動態………….....44 圖4-8 管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔3~孔4之背景值壓差動態………….....45 圖4-9 管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔5~孔6之背景值壓差動態………….....46 圖4-10管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔1~孔2之壓差動態..................................47 圖4-11管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔3~孔4之壓差動態..................................48 圖4-12管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)孔5~孔6之壓差動態..................................49 圖4-13管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)出流濃度變化示意圖...................................51 圖4-14菌生長圖.................................................................................................52 圖4-15出流DO及pH(進流15 ppm甲苯).......................................................53 圖4-16出流DO及pH(進流3 ppm甲苯).........................................................54 圖4-17 阻塞後A管內甲苯濃度與溶氧之分布圖 (進流15 ppm甲苯)................................................................................55 圖4-18 阻塞後A管內甲苯濃度與溶氧之分布圖 (進流3 ppm甲苯)..................................................................................56 圖4-19 管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)氚濃度與時間之關係圖..............................58 圖4-20 管柱A(進流3 ppm甲苯)發生阻塞之微生物分布狀況……………..60 圖4-21 管柱A阻塞後甲苯濃度與菌落數之分布圖 (進流15 ppm甲苯)................................................................................61 圖4-22 管柱A阻塞後甲苯濃度與菌落數之分布圖 (進流甲苯濃度：3 ppm)......................................................................................62 圖4-23 甲苯阻塞後各區段微生物數量(CFU/玻璃珠)示意圖 (進流甲苯濃度：3 ppm)......................................................................................63

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