專業音樂家或特定腦區受損的病患近年來被視為是用於檢驗神經系統理論和發展評估疾病系統的對象。本研究的受測者分為三個族群：受過專業訓練的音樂家、接受治療中的精神分裂患者和一般正常健康者。在聽覺事件相關電位的實驗中，隨機撥放三種和弦刺激和兩種音程刺激。本研究中，除了藉由觀察腦部有經過聽覺特化的音樂家和一般正常人之間的比較來探討大腦可塑性的議題，也藉由觀察精神異常的病人和一般正常人之間的比較來探討精神分裂症對於聽覺腦區造成的缺損。
本研究從兩種角度來討論大腦可塑性。藉由大腦中線電極的ERP分析中觀察到音樂家相對於正常人表現出較強的P2活化，除此之外，藉由左右腦半球的側化分析，只有在正常人和精神分裂患者的腦波發現右腦的ERP能量會大於左腦的，此現象在音樂家身上並不顯著。另一方面，此研究也從兩種角度來討論精神分裂患者對於聽覺感知的缺陷。在事件相關電位實驗中，精神分裂症患者在 N1和P2的活化均較正常人來的弱，除此之外，也發現精神分裂患者相對於正常人的在N1表現出較弱的側化。
本研究提供了腦皮質處理音樂和諧性、音樂複雜性和左右腦半球反應差異的比較。除此之外，也提供了有關大腦可塑性以及精神分裂症的相關結果，相信對未來研究會有幫助。如果未來能結合腦電圖和功能性磁振造影(fMRI)的同步記錄，相信能夠獲得更精確的資訊來了解病患在大腦結構上缺損的情況或音樂家於大腦可塑性的變化。

Professional musician or individual who has neuropsychiatric disorders to specific brain regions has long been used to test theories or develop assessment system for illness. The Auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) experiments were recorded from 12 well-trained musicians, 12 medicated schizophrenic patients and 12 normal subjects (healthy controls). The stimuli was presented randomly by three kinds of chord stimuli (major, diminish and atonal) and two kinds of interval stimuli (perfect fifth and tritone). In this study, we used musicians whose brain are highly specialized in auditory, compared with healthy controls to find out the brain plasticity in musicians. On the other hand, we also used schizophrenic patients who are neuropsychiatric disordered, compared with healthy controls to find out the auditory processing deficits or temporal lobe dysfunction.
We used two concepts to make the discussion on brain plasticity issue. First, the ERP analysis of midline electrodes indicated that only musicians show enhanced P2 and hierarchy of P2 amplitude. Second, the analysis between left and right hemisphere indicated that hemispheric asymmetries (the ERPs amplitude was larger over the right compared with left hemisphere electrode sites) only occurred in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia groups, but not occurred in musicians group. On the other hand, we also used two concepts to make the discussion on auditory processing deficits in schizophrenic patients. First, this paper indicated that the amplitude of N1 and P2 components evoked by chord or interval was reduced in schizophrenia patients compared with healthy controls and musicians. Second, our finding also found the reduced hemispheric asymmetry of N1 component in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy controls.
In summary, this study provided some information about cortical processing of musical consonance, sound complexity and hemispheric differences among musicians, normal subject and patients with schizophrenia. The issues of brain plasticity and illness may be useful for helping further researching. In the future, simultaneous EEG recording and fMRI monitoring might able to obtain more precise information or further new insights of the brain structural deficit in patients or enhancement in musicians.

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