鄉村相對於都市，不僅是自然環境的差異，人際的緊密情感連結更是寶貴的資產。然現今農業難以全面支撐當地生計之情形下，人口外流、高齡化情形日漸嚴重，加上生活之公共設施亦不充分，發展逐漸趨於衰退與凋敝。
而國內外在面對這一連串的困境，晚近開始提出許多有關概念或舉措，舉凡 「鄉村整體發展(IRD)」、我國的「鄉村區更新」等舉措，成為今日推動鄉村地區發展的濫觴。而除了可見的硬體設施改善建置，尚包含軟體面的知識技能、地方意識培養，且更需要長時間的投入。對此，地方既有的社會人文、社區居民對發展的認知意識，又會帶來什麼樣的影響?在此理解下，本研究關注台灣西南部，面臨發展停滯困境，但有意願推動鄉村區更新之農村聚落，其在推動農村社區土地重劃、農 村再生之過程，地方如何「由下而上」形成一股力量來促成集體行動的產生，又過程中有產生哪些困難點?且在集體行動初次代理論的不同觀點下，其中影響的因素為何?既有的關係乃至於社會資本，在過程中可能具有哪些作用來影響發展方向甚至協助排解潛在難題?爰此來嘗試理解，提供未來推動農村發展的借鏡。
從而本研究，爰經由一系列之條件最終選定台南市七股十份、學甲大灣等兩社區為標的，鑑於兩社區皆有推動農村社區土地重劃，然兩者適用的法規背景差異，特別是經過農村再生培根訓練後，是否會影響當地居民對這項政策的態度、認知及共識凝聚，在不同意見協調上是否有所差異?而考量兩社區各有其背景條件，且研究核心在於了解研究對象的思維與看法，故在個案研究的框架下，冀望藉此釐清在推動農村社區土地重劃這項集體行動過程中，當地是如何克服集體行動困境，透過政策施行帶來環境的改變。
因此，地方上若要發展有效且穩固的集體行動，來因應各種難題或挑戰，其必須至少要能具備以下兩要件，分別為:「共同目標有效確認」、「地方信任感建構」。 而其中若有所匱乏，將可能如同本研究個案一樣，在行動前或行動後陸續浮現諸多問題，嚴重者甚至可能面臨行動成形前就分崩離析。從而不能輕忽其中環節所帶來之影響。另從個案中亦可發現，地方既存社會生態所造就社會資本厚實程度，特別是關係的連結以及信任之有無，是有相當可能對於當地未來發展之集體行動，具有潛移默化之影響。因此，若我們從集體行動理論前後代之不同觀點切入，可以發現到只講求經濟層面的利多，固可維繫行動一時，但若要能細水長流，有穩健的社會關係、具有實質公共性的目標共識才是當地發展的基石。

The purpose of this study was to explore the development progress of stagnant rural areas in Southwest Taiwan and try to reveal why residents may decide to devote themselves into local development initiative with others voluntary?
Thus, to understand the crux of this progress, this study adopted the collective action theory which advocated by Olson and a secondary theory which claimed that the analysis of collective action couldn’t ignore the existing social relationships and local backgrounds. It means that it will have some connections with the concept of social capital theory.
This study chose two different communities which are both located in the West coastal area district in Tainan city and had experience of rural community land readjustment and rural regeneration policy. Besides from official documents and historic literature collection, the semi-structed interviews and social network questionnaires were conducted to collect the responses from local stakeholders and be the materials for analyzing the whole progress.
According to the research outcomes, this study proposed two suggestions of these progress a) the appropriateness of policies connection: there should be an adjustment of the civic participation qualification in two policies. b) collective action’s decisive factors should be aware by whole actors: both the ‘common interests’ identified, and a full trusty atmosphere are essential factors before conducting the collective action. Therefore, the result of this research implies that the above factors shouldn’t be ignored when somebody would like to organize collective action to overcome obstacles.

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專書
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