傳統之GIS通常將空間資料與非空間資料分開管理，空間資料一般以檔案管理系統儲存，非空間資料則利用關連式資料庫系統來管理。近年來，物件導向資料庫管理系統的發展使地理資料的模式化可維持高階語意，且可將空間資料與非空間資料結合在同一資料庫中。然而缺乏標準化的查詢語言卻衍生出資料應用及系統相容上的問題。本研究期以物件關連式資料庫系統結合上述兩大資料庫之優點應用至GIS上，以解決上述問題。

　　在地理資料庫設計部分，傳統之地理圖形資料儲存以圖層概念為主，將所有地形物依據地形圖資料庫地形資料分類編碼標準，以階層式架構分大類，中類，小類及細類的方式儲存，這樣的儲存方式主要是配合地圖應用上的可彈性選取主題資料之需求，然而它卻破壞了原本地理物件的整體性，並且無法表示出地理物件間的關係，使得資料在查詢及分析應用時，必須撰寫更複雜之程式，費時且無效率。

　　因此，本研究試圖建立一高階語意的地理物件資料模型做為發展物件關連式GIS應用系統的基礎。主要探討建立地理物件資料模型的一些設計考量，介紹一雙層式之物件資料模型架構，包括地理資料模型以及空間資料模型兩部分，用來將真實世界的地理資料高階語意模式化，明確地表達出地理物件之間的關係，並利用物件關連式資料庫管理系統(ORDBMS)來測試此物件資料模型及管理地理資料。

　　Traditionally, spatial data and non-spatial data are usually separately managed in geographic information systems. A file management system, is used to store spatial data, and non-spatial data is managed by a relational database system. Recently, the development of object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) makes geographic data modeling possible with high-level semantics, and also combines spatial data and non-spatial data into the same database. However, the lack of standard query language comes to some problems about data application and system compatibility. The research attempts to solve the problems above-mentioned in an object-relational database system (ORDBMS) which integrates the prominent features of RDBS and OODBS.

　　In designing the geographic database, geographic data was mainly stored underlying the concept of map layers traditionally. Each geographic data is classified into a category with the hierarchy of major, middle, minor and tiny codes, in accordance with a classification scheme defined in a topographic map database. With this arrangement, thematic data can be flexibly retrieved for applications. However, it will break the original geographic object entirety and lose the ability to indicate relationships among geographic objects. Users have to make efforts to write complex computer codes for dealing with data query and analysis. It is rather time-consuming and inefficient.

　　This paper attempts to establish a geographic object data model with high-level semantics to develop an object-oriented or object-relational GIS. The research mainly discusses the design considerations for constructing a geographic object data model. It introduces a two-tier object data model framework, which includes a geographic data model and a spatial data model, to represent geographic data of the real world in a highly semantic manner and express the relationships among geographic objects in an explicit way, then uses object-relational database management systems (ORDBMS) to test the object data model above-mentioned and manage the geographic data.

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