飛行器發明之後，活動於二維空間的人類超越生理限制及自然法則進入三維空間，自此空間迷向即成為飛行員揮之不去的夢靨。航太領域的專家學者們不斷努力從工程、生理及行為習慣各方面切入研究解決之道，研究的成果例如改良座艙儀表、提升操作環境、精進飛行員訓練方式等，也都能有效減少空間迷向之危害，唯此類失事案例仍然層出不窮。本研究之目的即在設計飛機不正常姿態警示裝置，希望能藉此裝置減少因空間迷向造成不正常姿態而導致之失事案件。驗證方式係運用全功能動態飛行模擬機，加裝不正常姿態警示裝置（音頻警示裝置、視號警示裝置、音頻加視號警示裝置），並安排16個飛行員分別於加裝及未加裝警示裝置之模擬機，模擬在儀器天氣狀況下飛行，續於飛行全程紀錄其操作輸出數據及進入不正常姿態解出情形，並以統計數據分析此裝置對減少空間迷向危害之成效。實驗結果顯示與一般儀表比較，音頻加視號不正常姿態警示裝置對不正常姿態改正時間之縮短，的確有顯著的幫助。研究的結果將提供原廠作為實體機是否加裝姿態警示裝置之參考。

Benson, A. I. (1978). Spatial orientation-General aspects. In G. Dhenin, J Ernsting (Eds.), Aviation Medicine Physiology and Human Factors (pp. 405-433). London: Tri-Med Books Ltd.

Bove, T., & Andersen, H. B. (2002). The effect of an advisory system on pilots’ go / no-go decision during take-off. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 75(2), 179-191.

Braithwaite, G. M., Durnford, J. B., Groh, L. S., Jones, D. H., Higdon, A.A., Estrada, A., & Alvarez, A. E. (1998).
Flight simulator evaluation of a novel flight instrument display to minimize the risks of spatial disrientation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 69(8), 733-742

Comstock, R. J., Jones, C. L., & Pope, T. A. (2002). The effectiveness of various attitude indicator display sizes and extended horizon lines on attitude maintenance in a part-task simulation. Hampton, VA.: Nasa Langley Research Center.

Davis, S. D., & Pretchett, A. R. (1999). Alerting system assertiveness, knowledge, and over- reliance. Technology Impact, 3(1), 119-143.

Dingus, T. A. (1997). Human factors field evaluation of automotive headway maintenance / collision warning devices. Human Factor, 39(2), 216-219.

Gillingham, K. K., & Previc, F. H. (1996). Spatial orientation in flight. In DeHart RL (Ed). Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine. 2nd ED. Baltimore, MD. Willians & Wilkens, 309-397.

Hanke, h., & Herbst, C. (1999). Active sidestick - a means for improving situational awareness. Aerospace Science Technology, 3(1999), 525-532.

Hasse, D. (1992). ALPA ground proximity warning system survey. Proceedings of the Flight Safety Foundation 45th annual International Air Safety Seminar, Long Beach, CA.

Heintzman, J. R. (1996). Determination of force cueing requirements for tactical combat flight training devices. VA.: Simtec INC.

Holmes, S. R., Bunting, A., Brown, L. D., Hiatt, L. K., Braithwaite, G. M., & Harrigan, J. M. (2003). Survey of spatial disorientation in military pilots and navigators. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, l74(9), 957-965.

Javaux, D., & Polson, P. G. (1999). A method for predicting errors when interacting with finite state machines: the impact of implicit learning on the user’s model of the system. Proceedings of the HESSD’99 Human Error, Safety, and System Development.

Lee, J. D., & Moray, N. (1994). Trust, self-confidence and operators’ adaptation to automation. International Journal of Human-Computer Study, 40, 153-184.

Mellone, V. J. (1993, June 4). TCAS II: Genie Out of the Bottle. DirectLine, Number 4, US Aviation Safety Reporting System, NASA Ames Research Centre, California, United States of America.

Meyer, J. (2001). Effects of warning validity and proximity on responses to warnings. Human Factors, 43(4), 563-572.

Neubauer, J. C. (2000). Classifying spatial disorientation mishaps using differentdefinition - Analysis of five years of USAF Class A mishaps. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 19(2), 28-34.

Pritchette, A. R., Barhydt, R., Hansman, R. J., Johnson, E. N. (1996). Flight simulator testing of cockpit traffic displays using robust situation generation. AIAA Flight Simulator Technologies Conference. San Diego, C. A., July 1996.

Pritchett, A. R., Vandor, B., & Edwards, K. (2002). Testing and implementing cockpit alerting systems. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 75(2), 193-206.

Riley, V. (1996). Operator reliance on automation: theory and data. In R. Parasurman, M. Mouloua editors. Automation and human performance: theory and applications (pp. 19-36). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Rupert, A. H. (2000). An instrumentation solution for reducing spatial disorientation mishaps - A more "natural" approach to maintaining spatial orientation. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 19(2), 71-80.

Sarter, N. B., & Woods, D. D. (1992). Pilot interaction with cockpit automation: operational experiences with the flight management system. Aviation Psychology, 2(4), 303-321.

Schmidt, T. R. (1999). Reduce risk of inducing spatial disorientation using physiologically compatible ground lighting. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 70(6), 598-603.

Sipes, W., & Lessard, C. S. (2000). A spatial disorientation survey of experienced instructor pilots – Obtaining more complete information regarding the incidence and prevalence of SD illusions. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 19(2), 35-42.

Smith, W. J. (1992). Modern lens design: A Resource Manual. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Stoughton, R. S., & Arai, T. (1993). A modified Stewart platform manipulator with improved dexterity. IEEE Trans. on Robotics and Automation, 9(2), 166-172.

Van der Steen, F. A. M. (1998). An earth-stationary perceived visual scene during roll and yaw Motion in a Flight Simulator. Journal of Vestibular Research, 8(6), 411-425.

Vandor, B., & Pritchett, A. R. (1999). Effects of displays and alerts on subject reactions to potential collisions during closely spaced parallel approaches. Atlanta: Georgia Institute of Technology.

Wang, S., Li, Y., Feng, C., & Guo, A. (2003). Dissociation of visual associative and motor learning in Drosophila at the flight simulator. Behavioural Processes, 64, 57-70.

Wen, F., & Liang, C. (1990). Displacement analysis of the 6-6 Stewart platform mechanism. Mechanism Machine Theory, 29(4), 547-557.

Woods, D. D. (1986). Paradigms for intelligent decision support. Intelligent decision support in process environments. NATO ASI Series. 21.

Zolghadri, A. (2002). Early warning and prediction of flight parameter abnormalities for improved system safety assessment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 76, 19-27.