本研究將靜電紡絲奈米碳纖維應用於膠態高分子電解質鋰離子電池，並探討奈米碳纖維和膠態高分子電解質的協同效應，以及因製備程序的不同所產生的差異。膠態高分子電解質中的triethylene glycol diacetate-2-propenoic acid butyl ester (TEDGA-BA)交聯網狀共聚物結構和polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)形成的物理糾纏，能提供足夠的機械性質，使得膠態高分子電解質複合奈米碳纖維在經過凹折後，仍保持其完整性；此外，交聯網狀共聚物結構上的醚官能基和電解質溶劑產生溶劑化作用，增加對電解質的親和性，並且產生自由體積有助於離子的移動。奈米碳纖維對膠態高分子電解質的吸收率高達1335 %，優於對液態電解質的吸收率473 %；而膠態高分子電解質的鋰離子遷移數高達0.91，優於液態電解質的0.43。搭配膠態高分子電解質複合奈米碳纖維的離子電池在電流密度150 mA/g時有著344 mAh/g的比電容值，以及優於液態電解質鋰離子電池之鋰離子擴散係數(7.5×10-11 cm2/g)，並且在300 mA/g下經過250圈充放電後，比電容值達313 mAh/g，優於液態電解質鋰離子電池的293 mAh/g。
本論文亦利用不同改質法製備氮摻雜靜電紡絲奈米碳纖維，作為超級電容器之電極，並且探討相異的改質法如何影響氮摻雜靜電紡絲奈米碳纖維之表面化學和電容特性。將尿素和tetra-2-pyridinylpyrazine作為氮源並以水熱法處理後，碳纖維的氮含量明顯上升。然而，水熱法處理使得碳纖維之比表面積和孔洞體積大幅下降，抵銷由吡啶氮和吡喀氮所貢獻的擬電容，導致比電容值下降；相較之下，經由氮電漿法處理後的碳纖維氮含量些微減少，吡啶氮和吡喀氮的含量亦減少，但氧含量大幅增加，也增加了quinone oxygen的含量，提升了擬電容質和彌補因為吡啶氮和吡喀氮減少所導致的擬電容損失。因此，利用氮電漿法處理的氮摻雜靜電紡絲奈米碳纖維在掃描速率2 mV時具有比電容值286 F/g，優於以水熱法處理的氮摻雜靜電紡絲奈米碳纖維的202 F/g(以尿素作為氮源)、197 F/g(以tetra-2-pyridinylpyrazine作為氮源)。

In this study, electrospun carbon nanofibers were assembled with the gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. The synergistic effects of the carbon nanofibers and gel polymer electrolyte as well as the preparation procedures on the battery performance were discussed. The physical entanglement formed by the triethylene glycol diacetate-2-propenoic acid butyl ester (TEDGA-BA) crosslinked copolymer structure and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) in the gel polymer electrolyte provided favorable mechanical properties. The carbon fiber/gel polymer electrolyte battery maintained its integrity after folding. The ether functional groups on the crosslinked copolymer structure induced solvation with the electrolyte solvent, which increased the fiber affinity with the electrolyte and provided free volume for ion transfer. The electrolyte uptake of carbon nanofibers for the gel polymer electrolyte was 1335%, which was higher than that of carbon nanofibers for the liquid electrolyte (473%). The lithium-ion transfer number in the gel polymer electrolyte was 0.91, which was higher than that in the liquid electrolyte (0.43). The lithium-ion battery composed of carbon nanofibers and the gel polymer electrolyte delivered a specific capacity of 344 mAh/g at a current density of 150 mA/g. Additionally, the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient in the battery composed of the gel polymer electrolyte (7.5×1011 cm2/g) was superior to that in the battery composed of the liquid electrolyte. After repeated charging and discharging at 300 mA/g for 250 cycles, the battery composed of the gel polymer electrolyte exhibited the specific capacity of 313 mAh/g, which was better than the specific capacity of 293 mAh/g for the battery composed of the liquid electrolyte.
This study also investigated use of different modification methods to prepare nitrogen-doped electrospun carbon nanofibers as electrodes for supercapacitors. The effects of different modification approaches on the surface chemistry and capacitive properties of the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers were discussed. When carbon nanofibers were subjected to hydrothermal treatments using urea or tetra-2-pyridinylpyrazine (TPPZ) as nitrogen sources, the nitrogen content in the carbon nanofibers increased considerably. However, the hydrothermal treatments greatly reduced the specific surface area and pore volume of the carbon nanofibers, which offset the pseudocapacitance contributed by pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen, resulting in a decrease in the specific capacitance. By contrast, the nitrogen content in the carbon nanofibers after nitrogen plasma treatment slightly reduced, and the contents of pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen decreased. However, the oxygen content increased considerably, which simultaneously increased the content of quinone oxygen. The large amount of quinone oxygen compensated the decreased contributions of pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen, resulting in an increase in the pseudocapacitance. The carbon nanofibers treated with nitrogen plasma delivered the specific capacitance of 286 F/g at a scan rate of 2 mV/s. The performance was more favorable than the specific capacitance of the nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers modifed with hydrothermal treatments (202 and 197 F/g using urea and TPPZ as nitrogen sources, respectively).

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