第本研究以人因「舒適度」為探討方向，並以辦公座椅為研究對象。欲量化身體坐姿舒適度，則要了解舒適度所包含的面向，舒適度這一詞，時常綜合許多主觀及客觀要素在內，人的主觀心理本身即為一個黑箱，如欲透過問卷等方式得到舒適度的解答，則具有衝突的矛盾點，因人容易受當時的情境與生理，甚或其他不可考因素影響，反之客觀測量則可以提供不被人為因素干擾的數據和證據。
因此本實驗以坐部壓力以及背部壓力分佈數據的蒐集為前提，應用灰關聯評價模式，找出辦公椅樣本中關聯度最高的座椅款式，當成最適合的座椅選項。首先應用壓力分佈感測實驗來蒐集辦公人員坐於辦公座椅之壓力參數，而後應用灰關聯分析方法計算壓力參數，建立舒適度評價模式，此即一客觀舒適度評價方法，而後以類神經網路進行舒適度資料的學習，並作最適座椅的預測，藉由本研究提出的系統進行最適座椅的選擇，可省去量測坐壓分布的作業和灰關聯計算的繁雜步驟，即可以進行舒適度的評價和最適座椅的決策。
此評價模式的建立將有助於設計師及消費者在辦公座椅舒適度的考量上，做出最佳決策，進而達成縮短設計流程與滿足個體差異性需求之目標，甚可進一步於創造或設計新產品時提昇整體競爭力。

This research focuses on the human factor "comfort" as the research direction, and the office chair is the research object. To quantify the comfort of the body’s sitting posture, one must understand the aspects of comfort. The term comfort often integrates many subjective and objective elements. Human subjective psychology itself is a black box, which can be obtained through questionnaires. The answer to comfort has conflicting points because people are easily affected by the situation and physiology at the time, or even other untestable factors. On the contrary, objective measurement can provide data and evidence that are not disturbed by human factors.
Therefore, this experiment uses the collection of seat pressure and back pressure distribution data as the premise and applies the gray relational evaluation model to find the seat style with the highest relational in the office chair sample as the most suitable seat option. First, the pressure distribution sensing experiment is used to collect the pressure parameters of office workers sitting on office chairs, and then the gray relational analysis method is used to calculate the pressure parameters to establish a comfort evaluation model. This is an objective comfort evaluation method, and then a neural network method Carry out the study of comfort data and predict the most suitable seat. The system proposed in this research can choose the most suitable seat, which can save the task of measuring the sitting pressure distribution and the complicated steps of gray relational calculation. Evaluation of comfort and decision of the most suitable seat.
The establishment of this evaluation model will help designers and consumers to make the best decisions in consideration of the comfort of office chairs, and then achieve the goal of shortening the design process and meeting the needs of individual differences. It can even further create or Improve overall competitiveness when designing new products.

潘儀聰,郭育良（2015）. 肌肉骨骼健康狀態之職場相關因子關聯性探討. 取自http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11[Pan, Y.C., Guo, Y.L. (2015). Research of Evaluation of Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Health Conditions in Taiwan. Retrieved from http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11]
林洺秀,郭智孙（2013）. 工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查-2013年. 取自http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11[Lin, M.X., Guo, Z.S. (2013). Survey of Perceptions of Safety and Health in the Work Environment in 2013 Taiwan. Retrieved from http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11]
謝曼麗,許修鴻（2016）. 工作環境安全衛生狀況認知調查-2016年. 取自http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11[Xie, M.L., Xu, X.H. (2016). Survey of Perceptions of Safety and Health in the Work Environment in 2016 Taiwan. Retrieved from http://www.ilosh.gov.tw/wSite/np?ctNode=273&mp=11]
曹軍,胡萬義（1993）. 灰色系統理論與方法 . 哈爾濱市：東北林業大學出版社。[Cao, J., Hu, W. Y. (1993). Grey System Theory and Method. Harbin City: Northeast Forestry University Press Co.]
鄧聚龍（1993）. 灰色系統理論教程. 武昌市：華中理工大學出版社。[Deng, J. L. (1993). Grey system theory. Wuchang City: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press Co.]
江金山,吳佩玲,蔣祥第,張廷政,詹福賜,張軒庭,溫坤禮（1998）. 灰色理論入門. 台北市：高立圖書有限公司。[Jiang, J. S., Wu, P. L., Jiang, X. D., Zhang, T. Z., Zhan, F. C., Zhang, X. T., Wen K. L. (1998). The introduction grey system theory. Taipei City: Gau Lih Book Co.]
Åkerblom, B. (1948). Standing and sitting posture. With special reference to the construction of chairs, Nordiska Bokhandeln, Stockholm (Doctoral dissertation, Doctoral dissertation).
Andersson, B. J., Ortengren, R., Nachemson, A., & Elfström, G. (1974). Lumbar disc pressure and myoelectric back muscle activity during sitting. I. Studies on an experimental chair. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 6(3), 104-114.
Anderson, L. M., & Helander, M. G. (1990). The effects of spinal shrinkage and comfort of a forwardly-inclined seat with and without a backrest. In Proceedings of the International Ergonomics Association Conference on Human Factors in Design for Manufacturability and Process Planning (pp. 1-10).
Babbs, F. W. (1979). A design layout method for relating seating to the occupant and vehicle. Ergonomics, 22(2), 227-234.
Bar-Or, O., Skinner, J., Buskirk, E., & Borg, G. (1972). Physiological and perceptual indicators of physical stress in 41-to 60-year-old men who vary in conditioning level and in body fatness. Medicine and science in sports, 4(2), 96-100.
Basri, B., & Griffin, M. J. (2014). The application of SEAT values for predicting how compliant seats with backrests influence vibration discomfort. Applied ergonomics, 45(6), 1461-1474.
Beauchamp, Y.,Imbeau, D., & Normand,M C. (1990). The effect of tilting the seat sideways on muscular activity of the back and on perceived comfort. Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety II, pp. 191-198.
Bishu, R., Cochran, D. J., & Riley, M. W. (1988). Evaluation of office chairs: a validation study. Trends in Ergonomics/Human Factors V, F. Aghazadeh, ed.(Elsevier Science Publishers, North-Holland, 1988), 417.
Bishu, R. R., Hallbeck, M. S., Riley, M. W., & Stentz, T. L. (1991). Seating comfort and its relationship to spinal profile: A pilot study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 8(1), 89-101.
Bobjer, O., Johansson, S. E., & Piguet, S. (1993). Friction between hand and handle. Effects of oil and lard on textured and non-textured surfaces; perception of discomfort. Applied Ergonomics, 24(3), 190-202.
Bonney, R., Weisman, G., Haugh, L. D., & Finkelstein, J. (1990). Assessment of postural discomfort. In Proceedings of the human factors society annual meeting (Vol. 34, No. 10, pp. 684-687). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Borg, G. (1962). Physical performance and perceived exertion. Univer. Lund.
Borg, G. (1982). A category scale with ratio properties for intermodal and interindividual comparisons. Psychophysical judgment and the process of perception, 25-34.
Borg, G. (1970). Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 2(2), 92–98.
Chen, Y., Turner, S., Hussey, L., & Agius, R. (2005). A study of work-related musculoskeletal case reports to The Health and Occupation Reporting network (THOR) from 2002 to 2003. Occupational Medicine, 55(4), 268-274.
Chu, P. C., Fuh, H. R., Luo, J. C., Du, C. L., Chuang, H. Y., Guo, H. R., ... & Guo, Y. L. (2013). The impact of occupational health service network and reporting system in Taiwan. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 19(4), 352-362.
Congleton, J. J., Ayoub, M. M., & Smith, J. L. (1985). The design and evaluation of the neutral posture chair for surgeons. Human factors, 27(5), 589-600.
Congleton, J. J., Ayoub, M. M., & Smith, J. L. (1988). The determination of pressures and patterns for the male human buttocks and thigh in sitting utilizing conductive foam. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2(3), 193-202.
Congleton, J. J. (1983). Design and evaluation of a neutral posture chair (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University).
Coren, S. (2004). Sensation and perception. Handbook of psychology, 85-108.
Corlett, E. N., & Bishop, R. P. (1976). A technique for assessing postural discomfort. Ergonomics, 19(2), 175-182.
Daley, R., Voisard, B., & Dainoff, M. (1985). Evaluation of subjective measures of chair comfort. In Proceedings of the 2nd Midcentral Human Factors/Ergonomics Conference.
De Looze, M. P., Kuijt-Evers, L. F., & Van Dieen, J. A. A. P. (2003). Sitting comfort and discomfort and the relationships with objective measures. Ergonomics, 46(10), 985-997.
Demontis, S., & Giacoletto, M. (2002). Prediction of car seat comfort from human-seat interface pressure distribution (No. 2002-01-0781). SAE Technical Thesis.
Drury, C. G., & Coury, B. G. (1982). A methodology for chair evaluation. Applied Ergonomics, 13(3), 195-202.
Drury, C. G., & Francher, M. (1985). Evaluation of a forward-sloping chair. Applied ergonomics, 16(1), 41-47.
Eklund, J. A. E., & Corlett, E. N. (1986). Experimental and biomechanical analysis of seating. The Ergonomics of Working Postures, 319-330.
Eklund, J. A., & Corlett, E. N. (1984). Shrinkage as a measure of the effect of load on the spine. Spine, 9(2), 189-194.
Eklund, J., & Liew, M. (1991). Evaluation of seating: The influence of hip and knee angles on spinal posture. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 8(1), 67-73.
Ellermeier, W., Westphal, W., & Heidenfelder, M. (1991). On the “absoluteness” of category and magnitude scales of pain. Perception & Psychophysics, 49(2), 159-166.
Engelbrecht, A. P. (2007). Computational intelligence: an introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
Finder, A. (1990). Ergonomic evaluation of aircraft seating. In Contemporary Ergonomics 1990: Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1990 Annual Conference, Leeds, England, 3-6 April 1990 (p. 281). Taylor & Franci.
Frusti, T. M., & Hoffman, D. J. (1994). Quantifying the comfortable seat developing measurable parameters relating to subjective comfort. Automotive Body Interior & Safety Systems, 14-18.
Gamberale, F. (1985). The perception of exertion. Ergonomics, 28(1), 299-308.
Grandjean, E., & Hünting, W. (1977). Ergonomics of posture—review of various problems of standing and sitting posture. Applied ergonomics, 8(3), 135-140.
Grandjean, E., Hünting, W., & Pidermann, M. (1983). VDT workstation design: preferred settings and their effects. Human factors, 25(2), 161-175.
Gustafson-Söderman, U. (1987). The effect of an adjustable sitting angle on the perceived discomfort from the back and neck-shoulder regions in building crane operators. Applied ergonomics, 18(4), 297-304.
Gyi, D. E., & Porter, J. M. (1999). Interface pressure and the prediction of car seat discomfort. Applied ergonomics, 30(2), 99-107.
Hedge, A., & Gaygen, D. E. (2009, October). Office Environmental Conditions and Computer Work Performance. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 488-492). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Helander, M. G. (2003). Forget about ergonomics in chair design? Focus on aesthetics and comfort!. Ergonomics, 46(13-14), 1306-1319.
Helander, M. G., & Zhang, L. (1997). Field studies of comfort and discomfort in sitting. Ergonomics, 40(9), 895-915.
Heller, O. (1985). Hörfeldaudiometrie mit dem Verfahren der Kategorienunterteilung (KU). Psychologische Beitrage.
Jones, J. C. (1969). Methods and results of seating research. Ergonomics, 12(2), 171-181.
Kamijo, K., Tsujimura, H., Obara, H., & Katsumata, M. (1982). Evaluation of seating comfort. SAE transactions, 2615-2620.
Karjalainen, A., & Niederlaender, E. (2004). Statistics in Focus: Population and social conditions. Occupational Diseases in Europe in 2001. 2004.15.
Keegan, J. J. (2005). Alterations of the lumbar curve related to posture and seating. Ergonomics: The history and scope of human factors, 1, 339.
Kihlberg, S., Kjellberg, A., & Lindbeck, L. (1993). Pneumatic tool torque reaction: reaction forces, displacement, muscle activity and discomfort in the hand-arm system. Applied Ergonomics, 24(3), 165-173.
Kolich, M. (2004). Predicting automobile seat comfort using a neural network. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 33(4), 285-293.
Kroemer, K. H. (1991). Sitting at work: Recording and assessing body postures, designing furniture for the computer workstation. In Advances in human factors/ergonomics (Vol. 15, pp. 93-112). Elsevier.
Kuijt-Evers, L. F. M., Bosch, T., Huysmans, M. A., De Looze, M. P., & Vink, P. (2007). Association between objective and subjective measurements of comfort and discomfort in hand tools. Applied ergonomics, 38(5), 643-654.
Kuorinka, I. (1983). Subjective discomfort in a simulated repetitive task. Ergonomics, 26(11), 1089-1101.
Lee, J., & Ferraiuolo, P. (1993). Seat comfort (No. 930105). SAE Technical Thesis.
Lee, K. S., Waikar, A. M., & Wu, L. (1988). Physical stress evaluation of microscope work using objective and subjective methods. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2(3), 203-209.
Lin, F., Parthasarathy, S., Taylor, S. J., Pucci, D., Hendrix, R. W., & Makhsous, M. (2006). Effect of different sitting postures on lung capacity, expiratory flow, and lumbar lordosis. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 87(4), 504-509.
Löllgen, H., Ulmer, H. V., Gross, R., Wilbert, G., & Nieding, G. V. (1975). Methodical aspects of perceived exertion rating and its relation to pedalling rate and rotating mass. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 34(1), 205-215.
Loslever*, P., & Lepoutre, F. X. (2004). Analysis of objective and subjective data using fuzzy coding and multiple correspondence analysis: principle and example in a sitting posture study. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 5(5), 425-443.
Lueder, R. K. (1983). Seat comfort: a review of the construct in the office environment. Human factors, 25(6), 701-711.
Mandal, A. C. (1991). Investigation of the lumbar flexion of the seated man. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 8(1), 75-87.
Messenger, A. J., & Griffin, M. J. (1990). Lumbar support in seating: Effects on erector spinae muscle activity, posture and discomfort. Contemporary Ergonomics, 1990.
Milivojevich, A., Stanciu, R., Russ, A., Blair, G. R., & Van Heumen, J. D. (2000). Investigating psychometric and body pressure distribution responses to automotive seating comfort (No. 2000-01-0626). SAE Technical Thesis.
Motor Industry Research Association, & Oliver, R. J. (1970). A study of the comfort characteristics of production car seats. MIRA.
Openshaw, S. D. (2011). Predicting and quantifying seated comfort and discomfort using objective and subjective measures. PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) thesis, University of Iowa.
Oudenhuijzen, A., Tan, K., & Morsch, F. (2003). The relationship between seat pressure and comfort (No. 2003-01-2213). SAE Technical Thesis.
Park, S. J., & Kim, C. B. (1997). The evaluation of seating comfort by the objective measures (No. 970595). SAE Technical Thesis.
Porter, J. M., Porter, C. S., & Lee, V. J. A. (1992). A survey of car driver discomfort. Contemporary Ergonomics: Ergonomics For Industry, 262.
Porter, J. M., Gyi, D. E., & Tait, H. A. (2003). Interface pressure data and the prediction of driver discomfort in road trials. Applied ergonomics, 34(3), 207-214.
Reed, M. P., Saito, M., Kakishima, Y., Lee, N. S., & Schneider, L. W. (1991). An investigation of driver discomfort and related seat design factors in extended-duration driving. SAE transactions, 130-159.
Richards, L. G. (1980). On the psychology of passenger comfort. human factors in transport research edited by Dj Oborne, Ja Levis, 2.
Runkle, V. A. (1994). Benchmarking seat comfort (No. 940217). SAE Technical Thesis.
Salewytsch, A. J., & Callaghan, J. P. (1999, October). Can quantified lumbar spine postures and trunk muscle activation levels predict discomfort during prolonged sitting. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Human Factors Association of Canada (pp. 316-321).
Schoberth, H. (1962). Sitzschäden am Haltungs-und Bewegungsapparat. In Sitzhaltung· Sitzschaden Sitzmöbel (pp. 124-143). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Seppanen, O., Fisk, W. J., & Lei, Q. H. (2006). Effect of temperature on task performance in office environment. No. LBNL-60946. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA (US)
Shackel, B., Chidsey, K. D., & Shipley, P. (1969). The assessment of chair comfort. Ergonomics, 12(2), 269-306.
Shen, W., & Parsons, K. C. (1997). Validity and reliability of rating scales for seated pressure discomfort. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 20(6), 441-461.
Shephard, R. J. (1994). Perception of effort in the assessment of work capacity and the regulation of the intensity of effort. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 13(1), 67-80.
Skinner, J., Hutsler, E., Bergsteinova, V., & Buskirk, E. (1973). The validity and reliability of a rating scale of perceived exertion. Medicine and science in sports, 5(2), 94-96.
Slater, K. (1985). Human comfort (Vol. 1). Springfield, Ill., USA: CC Thomas.
Stamford, B. A. (1976). Validity and reliability of subjective ratings of perceived exertion during work. Ergonomics, 19(1), 53-60.
Thakurta, K., Koester, D., Bush, N., & Bachle, S. (1995). Evaluating short and long term seating comfort (No. 950144). SAE technical thesis.
Ulin, S. S., Armstrong, T. J., Snook, S. H., & Monroe-Keyserling, W. (1993). Examination of the effect of tool mass and work postures on perceived exertion for a screw driving task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 12(1-2), 105-115.
Ulmer, H. V., Janz, U., & Löllgen, H. (1977). Aspects of the validity of Borg's scale. Is it measuring stress or strain?. In Physical work and effort (pp. 181-196). Pergamon.
Van der Grinten, M. P. (1991). Test-retest reliability of a practical method for measuring body part discomfort. Designing for everyone, 1, 54-57.
Van der Grinten, M. P., & Smitt, P. (1992). Development of a practical method for measuring body part discomfort. Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety, 4, 311-18.
Von Bertalanffy, L. (1968). General System Theory. George Braziller. Inc., New York.
Wigö, H., & Knez, I. (2005). Psychological impact of air velocity variations in a ventilated room. Ergonomics, 48(9), 1086-1096.
Wiker, S. F., Chaffin, D. B., & Langolf, G. D. (1990). Shoulder postural fatigue and discomfort: A preliminary finding of no relationship with isometric strength capability in a light-weight manual assembly task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 5(2), 133-146.
Wikström, B. O. (1993). Effects from twisted postures and whole-body vibration during driving. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 12(1-2), 61-75.
WINKEL, J., & JØRGENSEN, K. (1986). Evaluation of foot swelling and lower-limb temperatures in relation to leg activity during long-term seated office work. Ergonomics, 29(2), 313-328.
Wotzka, G., Grandjean, E., Burandt, U., Kretzschmar, H., & Leonhard, T. (1969). Investigations for the development of an auditorium seat. Ergonomics, 12(2), 182-197.
Yu, C. Y., Monroe Keyserling, W., & CHAFFIN, D. B. (1988). Development of a work seat for industrial sewing operations: results of a laboratory study. Ergonomics, 31(12), 1765-1786.