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研究生：	蔡源福 Tsai, Yuan-fu
論文名稱：	深層軟岩破壞特性之研究 Investigating the Failure Mechanism of Highly Pressured Soft Rocks
指導教授：	李德河 Lee, Der-Her
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 土木工程學系 Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	165
中文關鍵詞：	擠注壓力、三維應力路徑、水力破裂壓力、二氧化碳地質封存、Mohr-Coulomb 破壞準則、水力破裂試驗、脆延性轉換壓力
外文關鍵詞：	Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, brittle-ductile transition pressure, hydraulic fracturing pressure, three-dimensional stress path, CO2 geological storage, injection pressure, hydraulic fracturing test
相關次數：	點閱：210 下載：8
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二氧化碳的減量可採用替代能源方式處理或用嚴格的排放基準來管制外，運用二氧化碳封存技術對於降低二氧化碳總量將更有效率。地質封存是以高壓擠注方式將液態二氧化碳注入地層中，但過高的擠注壓力可能會造成地層破裂，使二氧化碳散逸。
本研究以牛山背斜構造露頭處取樣之岩石材料進行力學試驗來瞭解其力學特性與破壞準則，並以中空試體施作水力破裂試驗來瞭解其水力破裂壓力與圍壓之關係，並討論其三維應力路徑，最後探討其作為封存場址之適合性。試驗結果如下：
1. 六重溪層砂岩與崁下寮層泥岩皆屬軟弱岩石，兩者的張力強度不
高，約為單壓強度的7~12%左右。
2. 由應力-應變關係與體積應變之變化可知砂岩材料的脆延性轉換
壓力介於20MPa~25MPa 之間，而泥岩材料則為20MPa 左右。兩種材料的正割模數與圍壓皆有良好的線性關係。
3. Mohr-Coulomb 破壞準則在描述兩種岩石材料的尖峰應力時，並不適用進入延性破壞後之應力摩爾圓，而在殘餘狀態時，Mohr-Coulomb 破壞準則能有效且準確的描述材料在破壞後的殘餘應力值。
4. 在尖峰狀態下兩種岩石材料的Mohr-Coulomb 破壞包絡線如下：
砂岩材料： τp = 6.2+0.55xσ

It is more efficient for reducing the total amount of carbon dioxide to use the technology of carbon dioxide storage, except dealing with alternative energy source or control of strict discharge basis. The geological storage
means injecting the liquid carbon dioxide into the storage rock by high injection pressure, but too high injection pressure may cause the storage rcok to break and carbon dioxide to dissipate.
In this study, a series of tests was conducted to understand the mechanics characteristic and failure criteria of the rock by getting in the exposure of the
Nioushan Anticline, and we proceed the hydraulic fracturing test to understand the relationship between the hydraulic fracturing pressure and the confining pressure and the three-dimensional stress paths by the hollow
cylinder samples, and finally talk about the suitability to be used as the geological storage site. The test result is as follows:
1. It all belongs to the weak rock with the Liuchungsi sandstone and Kanhsialiao mudstone, and the tenslie strength of the two is not strong about 7~12% of the uniaxial compressive strength.
2. By the stress-strain curves and the change of the volume strain can know that the brittle-ductile transition pressure of the sandstone material is between 20MPa and 25MPa, and it of the mudstone material is about 20MPa.
The both secant modulus and confining pressure is linear.
3. When describing the peak stress of the two by Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria, it is not suitable of the stress mohr circle after ductile failure, but it is effective and accurate by describing the residual stress after failuring in the residual state.
4. The Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope of two rocks in the peak state is as follows:
Sandstone: τp = 6.2+0.55xσ

摘要....................................................I
ABSTRACT............................................... III
誌謝....................................................VI
目錄................................................... VII
表目錄..................................................X
圖目錄..................................................XI
照片目錄................................................XV
第一章 緒論.............................................1
1 前言................................................1
2 研究動機與目的......................................2
3 研究流程............................................3
第二章 文獻回顧.........................................5
1 全球暖化............................................5
1.1 暖化過程..........................................5
1.2 溫室效應..........................................6
1.3 暖化影響..........................................7
2 二氧化碳減量....................................... 11
3 地質封存技術........................................17
3.1 地質封存的種類....................................19
3.2 國內外發展現況....................................21
3.3 台灣適合地質封存場址..............................26
3.4 封存場址–牛山構造................................27
4 Mohr-Coulomb 破壞準則...............................31
5 三維應力............................................34
5.1 Haigh-Westergard 主應力空間.......................34
5.2 中空圓柱試體元素之應力狀態........................35
6 變形率分析法........................................38
第三章 水力破裂法原理及應用.............................41
1 水力破裂試驗........................................41
2 水力破裂試驗應用式..................................45
3 試驗室水力破裂試驗之理論............................51
4 影響水力破裂試驗的因素..............................54
5 水力破裂試驗相關研究................................60
第四章 試驗材料、方法及儀器.............................67
1 試驗材料及試體製作..................................67
2 超音波試驗..........................................76
2.1 儀器介紹..........................................76
2.2 試驗方法..........................................77
3 消散耐久性試驗......................................79
3.1 儀器介紹..........................................79
3.2 試驗方法..........................................79
4 單軸壓縮試驗........................................81
4.1 儀器介紹..........................................81
4.2 試驗方法..........................................81
5 巴西人法試驗........................................83
5.1 儀器介紹..........................................83
5.2 試驗方法..........................................83
6 DRA 試驗............................................85
6.1 儀器介紹..........................................85
6.2 試驗方法..........................................87
7 靜態三軸壓縮試驗....................................88
7.1 儀器介紹..........................................88
7.2 試驗方法..........................................90
8 水力破裂試驗........................................93
8.1 儀器介紹..........................................93
8.2 試驗方法..........................................95
第五章 結果與討論.......................................99
1 超音波試驗..........................................99
2 消散耐久性試驗......................................100
3 單軸壓縮試驗........................................102
4 巴西人法試驗........................................109
5 變形率變化法推估現地應力............................111
6 三軸壓縮試驗........................................116
6.1 三軸壓縮試驗結果..................................116
6.2 圍壓與彈性模數之關係..............................122
6.3 Mohr-Coulomb 破壞準則.............................124
7 水力破裂試驗........................................128
7.1 水力破裂試驗應力條件..............................128
7.2 各次水力破裂試驗情形..............................130
7.3 水力破裂試驗試體正割模數比較......................142
7.4 水力破裂試驗所得之張力強度........................144
7.5 三維應力空間......................................147
8 地質封存之適合性....................................151
第六章 結論與建議.......................................153
1 結論................................................153
2 建議................................................156
參考文獻................................................157
附錄 砂岩及泥岩材料超音波試驗結果.......................163
                                    

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校內：2012-08-21公開
校外：2012-08-21公開

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