| 研究生: |
潘皓心 Pang, Hao-Xin |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
糖尿病病患服用 Statin 藥物代謝指標之縱向分析 Longitudinal Analysis of Metabolic Parameters of Statin Therapy in Diabetic Patients |
| 指導教授: |
馬瀰嘉
Ma, Mi-Chia |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
管理學院 - 統計學系 Department of Statistics |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 148 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 第二型糖尿病 、史他汀 、電子健康紀錄 、縱向資料分析 、深度學習 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | type 2 diabetes, statin, electronic health records, longitudinal data analysis, deep learning |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:5 下載:0 |
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史他汀為成年第二型糖尿病病患心血管風險管理中常用之降脂藥物,但固定史他汀處方狀態與血糖及血脂指標長期變化之關聯,仍須透過真實世界縱向資料審慎評估。本研究採回溯性世代研究設計,使用台灣南部某醫療院所 2020 年 1 月至 2025 年 1 月之去識別化電子健康紀錄。最終納入 1,790 位成年第二型糖尿病病患及 17,252 筆縱向觀測,其中控制組 813 位,史他汀組 977 位。主要反應變數為 HbA1c、Glu-AC、LDL 與 TG。
統計推論部分以 GEE 評估族群平均關聯,並以 LME-RI+RS 描述病患間基準水準及時間變化速率之異質性。缺失資料以 10 組多重插補處理,固定效果估計依 Rubin 合併法則進行合併。預測分析比較 GEE、LME-RI+RS、LSTM-NARX、TCN 與簡化式 ODE-LSTM,以測試集中每位可評估病患之最後一次實際觀測值為預測目標,並以 RMSE、MAE、MAPE 與 Bias 評估模型表現。此外,本研究建立 S0 至 S4 五種模擬情境,比較資料變異結構改變時之模型預測表現。
結果顯示,GEE 中四項代謝指標之史他汀處方狀態與追蹤時間交互作用均未達統計顯著。LME-RI+RS 中,Glu-AC、LDL 與 TG 之交互作用未達統計顯著,僅 HbA1c 呈現幅度有限之正向交互作用;由於該結果未於 GEE 中獲得一致支持,應視為模型依賴性之關聯性發現。四項代謝指標之 LME-RI+RS 平均 AIC 均低於 LME-RI,顯示在本研究候選 LME 結構中,納入病患間時間斜率異質性後具有較佳之相對配適。
在實證預測分析中,三種深度學習模型之主要預測誤差多低於 GEE 與 LME-RI+RS。就整體測試集而言,HbA1c 以 LSTM-NARX、Glu-AC 與 TG 以 TCN、LDL 以簡化式 ODE-LSTM 之 RMSE、MAE 與 MAPE 最低。模擬研究亦顯示,深度學習模型於多數情境下具有較低預測誤差,但未有單一模型於所有情境與代謝指標中均呈現一致優勢。
本研究結果應解釋為固定史他汀處方狀態與代謝指標縱向變化之統計關聯,不代表史他汀治療之因果效果。GEE 主要用於評估族群平均關聯與時間趨勢;LME-RI+RS 除估計固定效果外,另透過病患層級隨機效果描述病患間基準水準與時間變化速率之異質性;深度學習模型則主要用於比較條件式預測表現。五模型雖使用相同測試病患與預測目標,但其可使用之歷史資訊並不完全相同,因此預測誤差結果應解釋為各模型完整預測流程下之表現,而非模型架構本身之絕對優劣。兩類方法於不等間隔臨床縱向資料分析中具有互補功能。
Statins are commonly prescribed to adults with type 2 diabetes for lipid management and cardiovascular risk reduction. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the associations between fixed statin prescription status and longitudinal changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), preprandial blood glucose (Glu-AC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) using de-identified electronic health records from a medical institution in southern Taiwan between January 2020 and January 2025.
The primary analysis included 1,790 patients and 17,252 longitudinal observations, including 813 patients in the control group and 977 in the statin group. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and linear mixed-effects models with random intercepts and random slopes (LME-RI+RS) were used for longitudinal inference. Prediction performance was compared among GEE, LME-RI+RS, LSTM-NARX, temporal convolutional network (TCN), and simplified ODE-LSTM.
In GEE, no group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for any of the four outcomes. In LME-RI+RS, only the HbA1c interaction was positive and statistically significant, but its magnitude was small, and the corresponding GEE interaction was not significant. This finding was therefore considered model-dependent.
Deep learning models generally showed lower RMSE, MAE, and MAPE than GEE and LME-RI+RS, but no single model was consistently superior across all outcomes and simulation scenarios.
These findings represent observational associations rather than causal effects. GEE and LME-RI+RS were used for longitudinal inference, whereas the deep learning models were used to compare conditional prediction performance. These approaches have complementary roles in analyzing irregularly observed clinical longitudinal data.
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