點帶石斑魚為亞洲養殖業中經濟魚種之一，廣泛分布於熱帶及亞熱帶地區，而在氣候的變化、環境鹽濃度的改變、病原菌感染等，皆可能造成魚類產生生理緊迫，進而影響免疫調節系統下降，增加病毒感染率，使得水產養殖的產量受到衝擊。過去研究指出魚類在緊迫下，內分泌系統會活化調控腎內組織並生成醣皮質醇，當醣皮質醇與醣皮質醇專一受器結合後，會作為轉錄因子調控下游基因的表現，並抑制免疫反應。因此本研究中探討點帶石斑魚免疫相關基因醣皮質醇專一受器1及醣皮質醇專一受器2，發現在緊迫下，包括神經壞死病毒感染、鹽濃度改變及溫度變化，兩者之基因在腦部及鰓組織中較為顯著。並發現在點帶石斑緊迫下的皮質醇途徑可能直接或間接抑制腫瘤壞死因子。當以免疫刺激物、施予高溫條件下及低鹽的環境中，兩者基因表現量皆有提升趨勢。研究中同時發現神經壞死病毒感染下，點帶石斑魚腦部確實有醣皮質醇專一受器的蛋白產生以及表現。透過本研究結果可了解當點帶石斑魚受到緊迫時，抗發炎的皮質醇路徑將會被活化，同時緊迫相關因子醣皮質醇接受器會參與其中，此一結果對於石斑魚的疾病防治可能有所助益。

Orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, is considerable economic valuable fish species widely distributed in in tropical and subtropical Asia aquaculture. NNV infection, temperature change and change in salinity, these stress in groupers could cause immune decreased, mass mortality of groupers and resulted in severe economic loss. Cortisol is the principal glucocorticoid secreted by the interrenal tissue under stress. Cortisol could diffuse freely across the plasma membrane and bind to their intracellular receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which as a transcription factor. The aim is to comparative characterization of the glucocorticoid receptor 1 and glucocorticoid receptor 2 in Epinephelus coioides under stress. In this study, two osgGRs genes have tissues specific response in brain and gill. Also, found that osgGRs could direct or indirect inhibit osgTNF1 expression and entered the nucleus under NNV infection. When stimulated by immune-stimulants, low salinity and high temperature change, all two osgGR gene expression up-regulated. Though these results of this study, it is clearer that under various stress including salinity and NNV infection, temperature change, GR might be the major factor that manipulate the immune system of fish. Therefore, it is important to minimize stress for successful aquaculture.

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