草生栽培有助於提升土壤微生物多樣性與碳匯，但其碳匯效益可能因植物生長與殘體分解較快，使其固碳效益僅止於短期。相對地，生物炭之半衰期長達數百至數千年，能將碳素穩定固存於土壤中，相較於草生栽培具有長期碳匯效益。為響應農業淨零排放政策並探討永續耕作對果園生態系之影響，本研究旨在探討草生栽培結合生物炭管理模式，對台灣文旦 (Citrus grandis) 果園土壤物化性質、微生物群落結構及氮循環功能之綜合效應。本試驗於台南麻豆文旦果園進行，採隨機完全區集設計 (RCBD) ，設置四種處理：清耕對照 (CTCK) 、清耕添加生物炭 (CTBC) 、草生對照 (SCCK) 及草生添加生物炭 (SCBC) 。針對不同季節 (2023 秋、 2024 春、 2024 秋) 採集土壤樣本，測定其物化性質、土壤碳匯和果實品質，並利用霰彈槍總體基因體定序技術 (Shotgun metagenomic sequencing) 分析土壤微生物相，以解析微生物群落結構與氮循環功能基因。研究結果顯示，在果實品質與土壤性質方面，草生栽培與生物炭處理與對照組間均未達統計顯著差異，此結果推測為試驗施用的生物炭劑量較低，且土壤既有肥力較高。然而，草生栽培與生物炭可能具有緩衝環境逆境的潛力。在微生物群落結構方面，非度量多維度分析 (NMDS) 顯示微生物群落結構呈現季節性變化，且草生與清耕、生物炭施用與否都造成菌相差異。在氮循環功能基因方面，清耕環境篩選出對環境變動敏感且具 N2O 排放潛力的 nirK 型菌；反之，草生栽培則促進了適應穩定環境的 nirS 型菌群發展。

While sod culture can enhance soil microbial diversity and soil carbon sinks, its carbon sequestration benefits may be limited to the short term due to the rapid growth and turnover of vegetative matter. In contrast, biochar, with a half-life ranging from hundreds to thousands of years, offers long-term carbon sequestration potential compared to sod culture by stably retaining carbon within the soil. The experiment was conducted in a Madou pomelo orchard in Tainan using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments: clean tillage without biochar (CTCK), clean tillage with biochar (CTBC), sod culture without biochar (SCCK), and sod culture with biochar (SCBC). Soil samples collected across different seasons (autumn 2023, spring 2024, and autumn 2024) were analyzed for physicochemical properties, soil carbon stock, and fruit quality. Additionally, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the soil microbiome and resolve microbial community structures and nitrogen cycling functional genes. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in fruit quality or soil properties among the sod culture and biochar treatments. This outcome is attributed to the relatively low dosage of biochar applied in the experiment and the high existing fertility of the orchard soil. However, the results suggest that sod culture and biochar may provide buffering effects against environmental stress. Regarding microbial community structure, Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed that the community structure exhibited distinct seasonal dynamics, with significant differences in the microbiome driven by ground cover management and biochar application. In terms of nitrogen cycling functional genes, the clean tillage environment selected for nirK-type bacteria, which are sensitive to environmental fluctuations and possess a higher potential for N2O emissions. Conversely, sod culture promoted the development of nirS-type bacterial communities adapted to stable environments.

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