協調在人際互動中是很重要的一環，需要根據他人的行為做出對應的表現。雖然在特定互動行為上已有一些決策模型可以做出解釋，在特定單一決策歷程中腦部活化現象也已累積了不少研究結果。但是在這樣的行為與個人特質、腦部活化反應之間的相關研究結果仍尚有不足，尤其是互動中兩人腦部活化反應之間的關聯性。本研究包含兩個實驗，第一個實驗我們透過修改版兩階段雙人溝通協調任務與人際互動相關特質的量表測驗，用以探討協調行為與個人特質之間的關聯性。在此任務中每一回合玩家的獎勵分配會由雙方的選擇共同決定，雙方必須試圖協調讓其中一人獲得較高獎勵，否則兩人都無法得到獎勵。玩家在第一個宣告階段表達各自的意願，通過此溝通過程在接續的第二個決策階段做出最終選擇，以決定兩人的獎勵分配。有一半的回合是實際真人互動的情境，其他回合則和電腦進行此任務。基於第一個實驗的主要目的是探討協調任務的行為結果與個人之社會互動特質的關係，而第二個實驗則是以雙機同步磁振造影超掃瞄的技術來測量一起參與此協調任務的兩人的動態腦部活動，藉此探討在進行雙向溝通協調時兩人腦部反應之間的關聯。本研究發現真人之間進行協調互動時可以有不同的協調模式，而行為實驗的結果顯示這些協調行為與個人的合作傾向、表達意見與情緒感受的特質皆有顯著相關。除此之外，這些協調行為也與特定腦區的活化程度有所相關。此研究支持腦區活化程度針對不同互動對象會有顯著差異，與心智理論、認知控制、獎勵相關的腦部區域皆在與真人互動時表現出較高的活化反應。尤其是在實際真人互動時右腦頂顳葉交界處(right temporoparietal junction, rTPJ)和右腦顳上溝(superior temporal sulcus, rSTS)的活化程度都和各個配對的協調成功率呈顯著相關。雙人腦部活動的時間序列分析結果也顯示，rTPJ和其他相關腦區之間存在著雙人腦區活化同步的現象。總之，這篇研究揭示了人際協調行為相關的神經機制，證實雙人腦間同步活動的現象，也支持了個人特質、行為表現與神經機制之間的關聯。

Coordination is a critical process during interpersonal interaction, which requires people to make corresponding decisions based on the behavior of others. In this study, we conducted two experiments to investigate the coordinating behaviors and the corresponding brain activities using a novel Communicating Coordination task. In the first experiment, we investigated the association between coordination behaviors and personal traits by conducting the coordination task and the questionnaires related to interpersonal interactions. In the second experiment, we investigated the inter-brain correlation during coordination through the hyperscanning fMRI paradigm. In each trial of this task, the reward distribution of two players were determined by their joint decision. They had to coordinate their choices, so that both of they could get rewards. However, only one of them could get the higher reward, otherwise neither of them got any reward. At the previous stage of each trial, participants mutually expressed their intentions. At the subsequent stage, the should make their final choices to decide a joint decision determining the actual reward distribution. Participants would interact with the actual participant in half of trials, and interact with computers in the other trials. Our results revealed that the brain regions related to theory of mind, cognitive control, and reward process were highly activated when interacting with actual people in contrast to computer. In addition, the activities of the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and the right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS) were significantly related to their rates of successfully coordination. Correlation analysis for the time series of two subjects’ brain activities suggested that there were inter-brain synchronizations between rTPJ and other related brain areas during interpersonal coordination. People performed a variety of behavior patterns in this coordination task, which were significantly correlated to personal traits such as cooperative tendencies and emotions, were also related to brain activities. Overall, this study revealed the neural mechanisms related to interpersonal coordination behaviors between the interacting dyad, and showed significant inter-brain synchronization. Our findings also supported the association among personal traits, behavioral performance, and neural mechanisms.

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