化石燃料之大幅利用，衍生過量CO2排放，造成溫室效應，最終可能造成生物滅絕，因此，CO2減量勢在必行，但若能光催化還原CO2及H2O轉化生成有價之C1-C2之化學品，則可達到碳循環之目的。因此，本研究重點是發展奈米反應器(nanoreactor)，成為一種新產H2及還原CO2之技術。利用醣類螯合物與Ni2+、Zn2+形成錯合物，碳化生成可調粒徑(5~40 nm)之奈米(Ni-ZnO)@C核殼(core-shell)物質，再利用酸萃取析出部分金屬，生成(Ni-ZnO)○yC (yolk-shell)奈米反應器，應用於光催化分解H2O產H2、還原CO2之反應。實驗結果顯示ZnO為光催化分解H2O之活性基，Ni則有助於CO2還原生成HCOOH及CH3COOH。在奈米反應器之侷限空間內，可大幅提升反應物與Ni-ZnO活性基之碰撞頻率，增加反應速率。X射線繞射(XRD)與同步輻射之X射線吸收光譜(XAS)顯示奈米粒子中主要物種為Ni與ZnO，TEM指出(Ni-ZnO)○yC奈米反應器之粒徑大小為5~30 nm左右，與XRD、SAXS分析之結果相當符合。
由於光伏產業的蓬勃發展，使得原物料之價格逐漸攀升。因此，本研究另外從矽晶圓製程所產生之廢棄矽泥中，回收碳化矽以做為光觸媒，達到回收再利用之目的，也進行光催化分解H2O及還原CO2之反應。由XRD、XAS光譜顯示，利用低成本之溶劑及離心方式可有效地將碳化矽分離純化，其吸光範圍屬於可見光範圍(>400 nm)，能隙約3.0 eV，經由SEM與EDX之分析，碳化矽之大小約10~20 μm。但微米SiC之化學產率低於(Ni-ZnO)○yC，可能是奈米反應器能在侷限空間內，有效加原子碰撞速率，使得反應速率大幅提升。

Burning of fossil fuels emits million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, which has caused the global warming. CO2 emissions, therefore, have become the most concerned issues worldwide. CO2 can be photocatalytically converted to C1-C2 chemicals. Novel photocatalysts (i.e., metallic nickel (Ni) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles encasulated in carbon-shell (Ni-ZnO@C)) have been investigated in the present work. In the separated experiments, size-controllable metal and multi-metal core-shell nanoparticles have been prepared by carbonization of metal ions-β-cyclodextrin (CD) complexes. Metallic nickel (Ni) and zinc oxide (ZnO) encapsulated in carbon-shell with the size ranged from 5 to 30 nm as the Ni2+- and Zn2+-CD complexes was carbonized at the temperature of 673 K. The core metals were partially etched from (Ni-ZnO)@C with a H2SO4 solution. Experimentally, formic and acetic acids from the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 and H2O in the (Ni-ZnO)@C nanoreactors are formed. It seems that ZnO involves in photocatalytic splitting of H2O, and provides hydrogen for catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 on Ni to yield formic and acetic acids.
In addition, photovoltaic (PV) energy has become one of the main green energy resources,The price of the raw PV materials is increased. Silicon carbide (SiC) can be recovered from silicon sludge wastes as photocstalysts for photocatalytic splitting of water and reducing CO2. By X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption (XAS), the main components in the silicon sludge wastes are silicon and SiC. The crystallite size of the SiC separated from the sludge waste is in the range of 10-20 µm in diameter by SEM. By solid state NMR, it is found that α-SiC is the main crystallite in the purified SiC. The α-SiC having the band-gap of 3.0 eV can absorb the visible light. However, SiC have lower chemical yield rates than (Ni-ZnO)@C nanoreactors suggesting that the collision frequency is highly enhanced in the confined space of nanoreactors.

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