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研究生: 李雅雯
Lee, Ya-Wen
論文名稱: 影響高齡者選擇鄰里公園外部因子探討─以鄭子寮市地重劃區為例
Exploring the Exterior Factors of Choosing Neighborhood Park by Elderly People: A Case Study of Zheng Zi Liao Readjustment Area in Tainan
指導教授: 張秀慈
Chang, Hsiu-Tzu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 規劃與設計學院 - 都市計劃學系
Department of Urban Planning
論文出版年: 2015
畢業學年度: 103
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 123
中文關鍵詞: 高齡友善鄰里公園在地老化
外文關鍵詞: Aging Friendly, Neighborhood Park, Aging in Place
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  • 臺灣近來高齡人口比重急速增加,大部分研究與政策對於高齡化現象僅重視建築內部空間設計,較少針對鄰里環境空間規劃探討。本研究以鄰里公園為對象,以鄰里住宅區為主之鄭子寮公辦市地重劃區為研究範圍,觀察高齡者選擇使用情形,歸納影響高齡者選擇鄰里公園因子。
    鄰里公園相關討論不乏使用評估、景觀植栽、內部空間改造,或軟性社區自主管理等方面,較少分析鄰里公園與都市間關係。環境友善方面,討論建築與戶外開放空、使用可及性、多樣性、休閒健康、景觀生態及安全等議題。本研究將影響選擇使用鄰里公園之因子,歸納為外部建成環境、邊界及內部空間等三部分。
    本研究利用田野調查法及問卷調查等二研究方法,說明選擇使用鄰里公園變數。以田野調查取得資料作為背景資料基礎,以問卷調查蒐集意見,利用敘述性統計、T檢定及單一因子變異數檢定其差異程度。
    研究結果顯示,可發現建物密度、土地使用多樣性等因子對於對於高齡者選擇鄰里公園有正向影響。交叉路口數為負向影響,而內部設施多無使用上差異。在差異分析上,影響高齡者選擇使用鄰里公園之因子主要有為離家遠近及鄰里公園周圍人行道之有無。
    透過彙整鄰里公園高齡友善評估項目,作為未來都市計畫鄰里公園劃定及都市設計審議於規範鄰里公園之參考,增加高齡者利用鄰里公園機會。

    SUMMARY

    Recently, the aging population in Taiwan has increased rapidly and become a major issue in planning. Current researches and policies mainly address the design of building and small-scale open space, with less attention on the neighborhood design and the built environment. What are the factors that determine elderly’s choice of an open space in addition to proximity and amenities? To what extent the built environment attribute to their preference for outdoor leisure and recreation is the primary concern of this research. This study takes neighborhood parks in a planned neighborhood in Tainan as the empirical research area, and wish to explore the correlation among of elderly’s preference on parks and the surrounding environment of the park. Two data collection methods, including questionnaire survey and field survey, are used to describe the understand elderly’s preference and parks environment. Parks are grouped by cluster analysis method to compare their similarity and difference on the built environment, such as land use, density and pedestrian environment. Statistical methods such as, T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to analyze elder’s preference on park. The results found that factors, such as building density and mix land use, are positively correlated with the number of elderly users. The number of cross roads is the negatively correlated, which entails that pedestrian and road safely maybe the concern of elderly for picking a park. Based on the variance analysis from the survey results, main factors of affecting elderly’s choice on park are sidewalk settings and the distance away from the home. This research hopes to bridge the connection between neighborhood planning and elderly’s preference of open space on the planning level. The results provide the empirical evidence to improve the planning of neighborhood parks from the perspective of aging society and gaining in place.
    Key words: aging friendly, neighborhood park, aging in place


    INTRUDUCTION
    With the rapid increase of aging population, Taiwan has already reached the aging society status in 2014. Current researches and policies mainly address the design of building and small-scale open space, with less attention on the neighborhood design and the built environment. At the same time, many related research has shown that the good environment could increase the outdoor activity, and improve the psychological and physical health of the elderly people. Yet how urban planning and design addresses the demand of aging population, especially in the area of open space planning and provision, is less addressed. This research takes on the subject of neighborhood planning in the aging society with particular attention on elderly’s preference of neighborhood parks and its factors on the surrounding built environment. What are the factors that determine elderly’s choice of an open space in addition to proximity and amenities? To what extent the built environment attribute to their preference for outdoor leisure and recreation? These are the questions that this thesis will attempt to answer through an empirical research in a planned neighborhood (Zeng Zi Laio readjustment area) in Tainan, Taiwan.
    DATA AND METHODS
    The study use field observations and questionnaire survey as the primary data collection method. First of all, to analyze the built environment, this research collects second hand information such as history, census, land use/land cover data, and digital topographic map for road information. Field observation is to verify and update the second-hand information but to collect additional information such as building density, sidewalk, landscaping, and elderly’s park usage. Moreover, the study takes a questionnaire survey in all the neighborhood parks to collect the elderly’s opinion on their park preference.
    The analyses are shown through geographic information system (GIS) overlay and statistical methods. After all the spatial data are compiled, the study use GIS to show and overlay the spatial distribution of the sidewalk, land use conditions, building density, and the cross road density near every neighborhood park. Basic cross-comparisons are made between the spatial information and the number of elderly in the park. In addition, statistical analyses such as cluster analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) help to distinguish the differences among the park’s built environment and their relationship to the park usage by elderly.

    RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION
    One hypothesis being confirmed through this empirical study is that the park’s surrounding built environment to attribute to the elderly’s preference on park. The hypothesis testing has shown that the building density and mix use do make a difference on elderly’s preference and they are positive correlated, meaning parks surrounded by higher density use and commercial activities are more popular among elderly people. The number of crossroads has negative correlation, which entails the traffic and road safety is the concern of elderly on their way to park. Detail analyses via T-test and ANOVA found that above factors are more influential who live close by (walking between 6-10 minutes from home) than further away (more than 11minutes). The sidewalk conditions receive similar findings. Through the variance analysis, the result found the factors of affecting elderly people preference on the neighborhood parks are sidewalk settings and the distance away from the home.
    CONCLUSION
    In the past theories on neighborhood planning or park design, the usage of aging people is seldom considered. Yet an elderly-friendly park is not only contributed by the inside amenities but also by park’s location and its surrounding built environment. This empirical research found a good path to the neighborhood park, including its pedestrian environment and its safety, is the primary concern of the elderly. A neighborhood park locating in a higher density district surrounding with mix land use district attributes to the high volume of elderly use. These findings correspond to the general principles of sustainable neighborhoods, such as walkability and the accessibility to the open space. Yet one of the shortcomings of this research is the lack of questionnaire samples from elderly who did not show up in the park. This could be improved further by distributing the questionnaire to elderly through other means to further understand their preference. Further improvements from this thesis would help provide sound evidences to neighborhood planning and park planning in the aging society, and give feedbacks to the concept of aging in place.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 動機與目的 1 第二節 名詞定義 6 第三節 研究內容 8 第四節 研究方法 11 第五節 研究限制 12 第六節 研究流程 13 第二章 文獻回顧 15 第一節 鄰里公園規劃與設計 15 第二節 高齡友善環境評估 22 第三節 建成環境與休閒活動評估 25 第四節 小結 31 第三章 研究設計 33 第一節 實證地區介紹 33 第二節 研究假設與架構 43 第三節 資料蒐集 52 第四節 資料分析方法 56 第四章 實證分析 59 第一節 鄭子寮重劃區背景 59 第二節 問卷分析 92 第四節 觀察與問卷交叉分析 112 第五章 結論與建議 115 第一節 結論 115 第二節 建議 118 參考文獻 119 附錄 問卷設計 附錄1

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