由於圖資測製技術之提升、軟體之進步及資料標準之發展，地理資訊系統之應用已深入人類之現實生活中，透過強大之資訊科技將各類資訊記錄於後端資料庫中，提供客製化之應用服務，輔助人類進行各類活動。人類之生活空間有大半與室內相關，相較於已有大量成功案例之室外空間應用，室內空間之模式化更形複雜，在納入三維表示、領域需求及應用考量後，更考驗其模式化之策略。人類與室內空間之互動是應用發展的一大重點，不同需求的互動行為必須結合人之位置與狀態才能產生有意義之引導，並進而滿足操作之需求。如同室外應用利用衛星定位而發展出各類之適地性服務，人類在室內空間之各項行為也應在取得即時位置之前提下，配合三維空間資訊之記錄、時間因素之掌控及主題需求之分析，發展為創新之室內應用環境。本研究主要探討人類與三維室內空間及空間內各類物件互動之行為模式，透過將模式化之建物室內空間與即時定位機制結合，整合空間、人、設施物件等相關資訊，完成基於標準化架構之人類與三維室內空間互動的應用架構。
本研究首先由人類可從事活動之觀點與三維建物室內基本結構切入，基於CityGML3.0之架構室內環境之空間組成單元，再考慮人類行為及應用需求之相關因素，提出室內空間模式化之標準化設計策略，並明確定義各空間類別之意涵、對應屬性及適用之空間關係描述。後續再由人類於室內空間之行為觀點切入，由位置、方向及語意等三個面向進行探討，提出人類與室內空間互動之應用程式觀點，包括人類之於室內空間或設施之移動、觀測與動作等。本研究進一步將設計之概念架構透過資料庫加以實作，涵蓋基於三維建物室內空間、UWB之即時定位系統與人類位置及活動之設計內容，由此達到有效管理及應用發展之目標。為了提供後續室內環境之應用與服務，本研究開發一系列人類與空間行為互動標準化之API，從空間、人員及應用需求三個面向出發，使系統在應用發展上，可透過標準化介面與標準化紀錄架構互動。根據人類於室內空間之各類應用情境，向不同主題之API提出資料請求，並得到所需資訊，或是透過組合多個API解決複雜之問題。本研究之設計架構與實際測試成功完成三維室內空間與人類行為之互動環境，適合發展各類室內空間與人類活動之應用，提供以人為本、納入物聯網考量之智慧型空間應用之發展基礎。

Humans spend most of their lives in indoor environment. With the enormous amount of successful GIS-based applications, very few are designed to address the indoor applications, mainly due to the lack of mechanism to conquer the real-time positioning of humans, comprehensive design of 3D indoor space and the analysis of human spatial behaviors. This research aims to propose an approach that facilitates a standardized description framework for various types of indoor space in 3D buildings and enable the development of indoor location-based service by considering the requirement humans’ application needs. Based on CityGML 3.0, the design widely considers the aspects of definition of spaces, 3D representation, topological relationships, time, semantics, as well as how humans may interact with the indoor spaces according to the applications. As each space and their respective relationships are well modelled and recorded, applications based on the information of the location, traces and activities of humans can be readily developed based upon the 3D indoor space data. The proposed mechanism is implemented via a set of API, such that all types of information can be requested in an open and interoperable way. The UWB-based system further provides the capability of continuous updates about the location of humans and facilities, which is an essential component to the LBS. With the rapidly increasing volume of 3D indoor space data, this research successfully demonstrates the feasibility of feature-based modelling of “indoor space” and the great potential of improving the content and quality of future indoor LBS applications.

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