本研究旨在建置一小尺度空調實證平台，藉以進行電動車(Electric Vehicles, EVs)座艙環境舒適度調節與控制策略配置之探討。此平台主要包含模擬車廂座艙之環境控制箱(Environmental Control Box)，以及空氣調節單元(Air-Handling Unit, AHU)兩大主要模組，AHU具有對循環空氣進行冷卻、加熱、混風調溫與加濕等過程以調節環控箱內的溫/濕度狀態。本論文利用等效集總熱容(Lumped Heat Capacity)法、能量/質量守衡與熱力/熱傳學理論建立總系統數學模型，並對其進行動態模擬。此外，經系統特徵值(Eigenvalue)分析本研究之系統動態具有雙時間尺度(Two-Time-Scale)特性，故本研究根據奇異擾動理論(Singular Perturbation Theory)將原系統解耦成慢速模態(Slow Mode)及快速模態(Fast Mode)兩個子系統，並考量電動車載空調面臨之座艙舒適度與電能節約問題，設計一系列基於降階模型(Order-Reduced Model)之類最佳複合式控制器(Near-Optimal Composite Controller)，本研究最後透過dSPACE DS1104控制發展套件，搭配商用軟體MATLAB/Simulink，於本論文之實驗平台上進行回授控制實證，模擬與實驗結果顯示類最佳降階控制具有近似於線性二次調節器(Linear Quadratic Regulator, LQR)之優越性能表現。

This thesis is aimed to investigate the regulation problem of thermal comfort and control strategy configuration for cabin environment of electric vehicles (EVs) by establishing a small-scale air-conditioning (A/C) test rig which mainly consists of two modules: environmental control box and the air-handling unit (AHU). Temperature and humidity in the environmental control box can be regulated by AHU via cooling, heating, mixing air streams for temperature regulation and humidification of the circulated air. To design the near-optimal controller, the mathematical model for the full system dynamics is derived by employing the equivalent lumped heat capacity approach, energy/mass conservation principle and the thermodynamics/heat transfer theories. In addition, from the clustering pattern of system eigenvalues, the dynamic of the system is evidently characterized by two-time-scale property. Therefore, the studied system can be decoupled into two subsystems, slow mode and fast mode, based on the singular perturbation theory. As to the optimal control problem for A/C of EVs by taking comfort in cabin environment and energy-conservation into account, a series of near-optimal composite controllers are synthesized on the base of the order-reduced model. The feedback control law for the experimental test rig is realized by the aid of the control system development kit dSPACE DS1104 and the commercial software MATLAB/Simulink. To sum up, the simulation and experimental results verify that the performance of the order-reduced near-optimal control is almost as superior as that by Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR).

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