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研究生: 李若綺
Lee, Jo-Chi
論文名稱: 醫師與醫院服務量對治療結果之影響:以冠狀動脈介入治療為例
Impact of Hospital and Physician Volume on Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Taiwan
指導教授: 呂宗學
Lu, Tsung-Hsueh
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 醫學院 - 公共衛生學系
Department of Public Health
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 87
中文關鍵詞: 冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果醫師轉換工作地點
外文關鍵詞: Percutaneous coronary intervention, Volume-outcome relationship, Hospital switching
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  • 研究背景:許多手術已確立服務量與照護結果之間的關係,包含冠狀動脈介入治療手術在內,皆認為醫院或醫師服務量高,其病人照護結果(譬如死亡或發生併發症)較好。美國心臟醫學會在2013年將冠狀動脈介入治療服務量重新訂定醫院年均服務量應達到200例、醫師年均服務量應達50例,然而新的閾值是否合理仍屬未知。此外,高服務量醫師轉換醫院時,其手術服務量與病人照護結果在轉換醫院前後是否有差異仍未被探討。
    研究目標:本研究目標有兩個,第一,檢視新的閾值是否合理,即探討病人的照護結果是否與醫院或醫師手術服務量有關,並且假設當醫院或醫師冠狀動脈介入治療服務量越高,病人照護結果越好。第二,釐清當高服務量醫師轉換到規模較小的醫院,其服務量與病人照護結果是否受影響,認為高服務量醫師轉院到服務量低的醫院後,高服務量醫師之病人照護結果和其轉院前相比有差異。
    研究方法:本研究資料來源為國家衛生研究院發行之全民健康保險研究資料庫1997-2012年全住院檔。凡任一住院主次處置碼出現:36.01、36.02、36.05、36.06、36.09,即定義為接受冠狀動脈介入治療個案。第一部分是計算醫院與醫師冠狀動脈介入治療手術服務量與病人照護結果,照護結果為觀察病人入院後30日內死亡率與心臟不良事件發生率,並且採用多變項羅吉斯迴歸模型計算手術服務量與照護結果之相關性。第二部分是觀察高服務量醫師轉換醫院後,醫師的手術服務量與病人照護結果在轉換醫院前後之差異,以醫師轉院當年度為資料選取時間點,分別取其轉換醫院前與轉換醫院後的手術服務量資料,以描述性統計呈現醫師轉換醫院前後之病人特徵,並且計算其病人入院後30日內死亡率與心臟不良事件發生率。
    研究結果:結果顯示冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果有關,也就是服務量越高,病人照護結果越好。在探討醫院及醫師年均服務量與照護結果時,以四分位數將醫院年均服務量分為四組,分別為<=116例、117-208例、209-436例、436例以上,發現年均服務量在436例以上的醫院,其病人發生30日內死亡的機率是服務量最低(<=116)組的0.78倍(30日內死發生重大心臟不良事件為0.77倍),如果參考2013年指引做切點(<=100例、100-200例、200-400例、400例以上),其結果與四分位數分組方式一致,即服務量最高(400例以上)的醫院其病人發生30日內死亡的機率為最低服務量的0.82倍(30日內死發生重大心臟不良事件為0.83倍)。醫師分組方式與醫院相同,以四分位數分為<=26例、27-45例、46-67例、>67例四組,以<=26例為參考組,其餘三組發生30日內死亡的機率依序為0.69、0.64與0.56倍(30日內死發生重大心臟不良事件為0.79、0.72與0.66倍)。在探討高服務量醫師轉院至低服務量醫院部分,發現醫師轉往低服務量醫院後,其病人緊急冠狀動脈介入治療適應症比例降低(從26.2%下降至16.5%)、有較高風險病徵的比例上升(從42.6%上升至47.2%),且有合併症之比例也較轉院前高;在照護結果部分,醫師轉到低服務量醫院後其病人照護結果比轉院前來的好,調整後30日內死亡率比從1.17%下降至0.94%,而調整後30日內重大心臟不良事件發生率則從1.15%下降至1.03%。
    研究結論:與2013年指引服務量閾值相比,認為醫師服務量訂為50例尚屬合理,然而醫院服務量在200例時,病人照護結果沒有比較好。高服務量醫師轉至低服務量醫院,雖然其病人特徵有改變,但照護結果反而較好,可能原因為高服務量醫師在轉院前手術技術已成熟且不被低服務量醫院的條件影響,也有可能低服務量醫院之設備或水準不亞於高服務量醫院,導致病人照護結果沒有差異。

    SUMMARY
    The aim of this study was to assess the application of ACC/AHA/SCAI practice guideline for minimum hospital/operator percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume and examine high-volume PCI operators’ performance after they moved to other hospitals. The study used Taiwan National Health Insurance inpatient claims data from 1997 to 2012 and used ICD-9-CM procedure codes 36.01, 36.02, 36.05, 36.06, and 36.09 to identify patients who received PCIs. The results demonstrated that patients undergoing PCI treated at high-volume hospitals or by high-volume operators had lower mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The application of ACC/AHA/SCAI practice guideline for minimum operator PCI volume is reasonable, however, the study found no evidence that patients treated at hospitals with annual PCI volumes of 200 had better outcomes. After high-volume operators switched to low-volume hospital, patient characteristics changed. For instance, after high-volume operators moved to low volume hospital, the percentage of primary PCI was decreased, the proportion of patients with comorbidities was increased, and both patient mortality and MACE rate were decreased. It might be because operator’s skill was not be affected by low-volume hospital or the facilities and quality care of low-volume hospital was similar to that of high-volume hospital which result in no difference in patient outcomes.

    中文摘要 ..............................................iii 英文摘要 ................................................v 誌謝..................................................vii 目錄.................................................viii 表目錄..................................................x 圖目錄.................................................xi 第1章 前言...............................................1 第2章 文獻探討...........................................2 2.1 服務量與照護結果研究..................................2 2.1.1 服務量與照護結果之研究回顧...........................2 2.1.2 醫院與醫師服務量與照護結果...........................3 2.1.3 心臟專科手術服務量與照護結果.........................6 2.1.4 醫師轉移工作地點對病人照護結果之影響..................7 2.1.5 小結..............................................8 2.2 冠狀動脈介入治療知識背景..............................10 2.2.1 冠狀動脈介入治療的適應症及技術演變...................10 2.2.2 台灣冠狀動脈介入治療相關政策演進....................11 2.2.3 冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果之臨床指引............12 2.2.4 小結.............................................14 2.3 冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果研究...................14 2.3.1 醫院冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果.................15 2.3.2 醫師冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果.................17 2.3.3 小結.............................................19 2.4 文獻查證小結........................................20 第3章 研究問題..........................................22 第4章 材料與方法........................................23 4.1 醫院與醫師層面分別探討服務量與照護結果.................23 4.1.1 資料來源及研究對象.................................23 4.1.2 研究變項與操作型定義...............................23 4.1.3 分析方法..........................................24 4.2 高服務量醫師更換至低服務量醫院後之病人照護結果..........25 4.2.1 研究設計..........................................25 4.2.2 資料來源與研究對象.................................25 4.2.3 研究變項與操作型定義...............................26 4.2.4 統計分析方法......................................26 第5章 研究結果..........................................27 5.1 冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果......................27 5.1.1 冠狀動脈介入治療之病患特性..........................27 5.1.2 醫院冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果.................28 5.1.3 醫師冠狀動脈介入治療服務量與照護結果.................30 5.2 高服務量醫師轉換醫院後之病人照護結果差異...............30 5.2.1 高服務量醫師轉換醫院前後之病人特徵...................30 5.2.2 高服務量醫師轉換醫院前後之病人照護結果...............31 5.3 小結...............................................32 第6章 討論..............................................33 6.1 研究主要發現........................................33 6.2 與過去研究結果比較...................................34 6.3 研究限制與未來方向...................................35 第7章 結論..............................................36 第8章 參考文獻..........................................37

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