金屬奈米粒子存在特殊的光學效應，尤其會表現在於其物理與化學的獨特性，此效應與奈米粒子本身的大小尺寸，形狀等有非常大的關係。此現象是因為奈米粒子表面電子雲同時與電磁場之前產生共振的情況時會發生極為強烈的吸收以及再輻射現象與過程。這些現象已經被探討研究以及廣泛的應用在許多方面例如表面增強型光技術、生醫光學感測系統以及奈米光學原件。本論文的主要目的是利用近場光學掃瞄式顯微鏡來觀察與探討其區域性表面電將子共振的場增強與光場強分佈情況。首先觀察單顆奈米粒子其相位的變化情況，並使用不同的波長激發奈米粒子將其相位與增強情況做量化的分析。接下來並對於奈米粒子對之的交互作用做觀察，並對於其極化與距離做區域性場強分佈的近場影像量測與量化分析，並且利用側向激發模式來研究高階項的粒子電漿子共振模態並在不同波長激發下使用近場掃瞄式光學顯微鏡對其單極與多極模態做近場影像的分析。最後，我們發展了一套寬頻可調雷射掃瞄系統，期望能將上述的奈米粒子光學強化作用應用於生醫影像。

It has been shown that metal nanoparticles exhibit distinct physical/chemical properties from their bulk counterparts due to plasmon resonance, which strongly depends on the particle’s size and shape. The effect of optical enhancement of nanoparticles has been studied in various experiments of surface-enhanced spectroscopy for a long time. The optical field scattering around a nanoparticle may be viewed as an instantaneous absorption and re-radiation process. When the wavelength of incident light coincides with the wavelength of plasmon resonance, the absorption/scattering cross-section of a particle expands significantly. The localized optical properties and near-field distribution of enhancements in nanoparticles are directly studied via a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). Several interesting phenomena are focused. The first is the phase-response effect in a single nanoparticle. A series of NSOM experiments are demonstrated to directly observe and analyze the size-dependent optical enhancement of a single nanoparticle through an isolated excitation. The second is about plasmonic properties in arrayed/collective metal nanoparticles. The gap- and polarization-dependent optical enhancement effects of hot spots in nanoparticle pairs are directly observed and quantified. Finally, by means of a lateral excitation, the near-field properties of higher-order localized surface plasmon resonances are imaged and manifested. The near-field optical enhancement effect is applied in a real-time bio-imaging system for the observations of bio-molecular interactions in living cells.

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