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研究生: 陳柏融
Chen, Bo-Rong
論文名稱: 基於偽曝光技術與Retinex理論結合的金屬反光表面3D掃描技術
Metal Reflective Surface 3D Scanning Technique Based on Pseudo-Exposure and Retinex Theory
指導教授: 劉建聖
Liu, Chien-Sheng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2024
畢業學年度: 112
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 120
中文關鍵詞: 結構光三維掃描偽曝光Retinex理論圖像熔接
外文關鍵詞: Structured light, 3D scanning, Pseudo-exposure, Retinex theory, Image fusion
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  • 近年來,光學量測需求激增推動了半導體及傳統製造業對三維掃描技術的探索。傳統接觸式方法雖然精確,但成本高、效率低,易損壞物體。相比之下,非接觸式技術成本低、效率高,能準確測量複雜形狀,無需直接接觸物體。在半導體、汽車、醫療和航空等領域廣泛應用,提升了測量和檢測效率。儘管結構光掃描可解決雙目立體視覺的問題,但掃描金屬物時,高反光率會導致相機像素過飽和,使結構光條紋模糊或丟失,難以解碼三維資訊。近年來,人工智慧期刊論文數量激增,顯示了人工智慧的發展。為應對此挑戰,本研究將導入機器學習技術,解決高反光金屬表面的過曝問題。
    本研究提出一套系統,透過偽曝光圖像生成系統中,計算參考圖像間的Gamma矩陣,生成多組偽曝光圖像以減少拍攝圖像的時間。接著利用Retinex深度學習網路將低曝光圖像進行強度增強,顯露出較暗區域的細節,增加結構光投影在較暗圖像中的完整度。最後針對圖像中各像素進行權重計算,保留最佳像素進行圖像熔接。藉由此流程期望能夠增加系統精準度並使其可應用於較為複雜的金屬表面。

    Recent demand for optical measurement drives semiconductor and manufacturing towards 3D scanning. While contact methods offer precision, they're costly and risky. Non-contact techniques provide cost-effective solutions, revolutionizing industries. Despite structured light's benefits, scanning metal faces challenges with oversaturation. Our study integrates machine learning to address overexposure on reflective surfaces, aiming to enhance efficiency.
    Our study proposes a comprehensive system that leverages a pseudo-exposure image generation system. This system calculates the Gamma matrix between reference images to produce multiple sets of pseudo-exposure images, thereby streamlining the image capture process. Subsequently, applying advanced Retinex deep learning networks, low-exposure images undergo meticulous intensity enhancement to unveil intricate details in darker regions, thereby augmenting the completeness of structured light projections within these areas. Finally, through pixel-wise weight calculations, optimal pixels are selected for image fusion, ensuring the preservation of critical details. Through this meticulously crafted process, we aim to not only enhance system accuracy but also extend its applicability to much more complex metallic surfaces than flat surface.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 致謝 X 目錄 XI 圖目錄 XIV 表目錄 XVIII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究背景 1 1-2 研究動機與目的 3 1-3 論文架構 5 第二章 文獻回顧 6 2-1 非接觸式三維掃描技術 6 2-1-1 雷射測距掃描 6 2-1-2 雙目立體視覺 8 2-1-3 結構光掃描 10 2-2 高反射率金屬表面 14 2-2-1 HDR技術 15 2-2-2 機器學習 19 第三章 基礎理論 26 3-1 相機參數 26 3-1-1 外部參數 27 3-1-2 內部參數 27 3-1-3 建立相機模型 30 3-1-4 畸變參數 30 3-2 相機校正與投影機較至 32 3-2-1 張氏校正技術 33 3-2-2 投影機校正 36 3-3 三維重建 37 3-3-1 三維重建原理 37 3-3-2 結構光編碼 38 3-3-3 結構光解碼與三維重建 39 3-4 影像處理 41 3-5 Retinex理論 43 第四章 系統架構與量測方法 46 4-1 硬體設備 46 4-2 實驗流程 49 4-2-1 系統校正 49 4-2-2 圖像擷取 51 4-2-3 偽曝光圖像生成 52 4-2-4 Retinex低曝光圖像增強訓練 53 4-2-5 多曝光金字塔圖像熔接 55 第五章 實驗結果與討論 59 5-1 實驗結果 59 5-1-1 系統校正 59 5-1-2 偽曝光圖像生成 61 5-1-3 Retinex圖像分解之深度學習網路 63 5-1-4 多曝光金字塔熔接 68 5-1-5解碼與點雲重建 68 5-2 方法比較與重複度分析 80 第六章 結論與未來展望 87 參考文獻 89

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