本研究探討不同工業熱處理程序排放戴奧辛/呋喃特徵，其中包含煉鋁業、集塵灰處理廠、煉鐵電弧爐和都市垃圾焚化爐，針對不同熱處理程序排放管道中17種戴奧辛/呋喃進行採樣，並以高解析度氣相層析質譜儀進行分析。
研究結果顯示，四座二次煉鋁熔解廠排放戴奧辛/呋喃濃度(範圍: 7.94-22.7 ng/Nm3；平均值：12.34 ng/Nm3 )皆高於四座一次煉鋁熔解廠(範圍: 0.57-2.67 ng/Nm3；平均值：1.42 ng/Nm3)。上述結果可知，二次煉鋁熔解廠戴奧辛/呋喃之平均排放係數約為一次煉鋁熔解廠之20倍，此乃由於二次煉鋁熔解廠之進料物質以廢鋁為主，其中可能含重金屬、有機物或含氯物質，而一次煉鋁熔解廠使用之原料，主要為純度92%以上之鋁錠。可見工業熱處理製程進料成分，對煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃之排放有決定性之影響。
本研究所探討之鋼鐵業集塵灰處理廠(Waelz 旋轉窯)之進料成分中約有99% 之戴奧辛/呋喃質量來自於集塵灰(18.51 ng/g)，而矽砂和焦炭中之戴奧辛質量貢獻百分比低於1%。出料中約有69% 戴奧辛/呋喃質量來自於濾袋灰(43.73 ng/g)，而約17% 戴奧辛/呋喃來自於旋風灰(10.78 ng/g)。煙道廢氣則占戴奧辛/呋喃總輸出質量之百分比為14%。比較出料與進料比例(O/I)，戴奧辛/呋喃總質量之O/I值為0.62，而戴奧辛/呋喃總毒性當量之O/I值為1.19，此結果顯示鋼鐵業集塵灰處理廠之熱處理程序對戴奧辛/呋喃之總質量為消減機制，但戴奧辛/呋喃之總毒性則有增加現象。
本研究亦探討鋼鐵業集塵灰處理廠(Waelz 旋轉窯)噴注活性碳(PAC)及添加生化溶液(NOE-7F)對煙道廢氣中戴奧辛/呋喃之去除效率。當活性碳噴注量為20、40及50 kg/hr時，煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃之去除效率分別為86%、96% 和97%。活性碳噴注對於煙道廢氣之低氯數戴奧辛/呋喃物種(2,3,7,8-TeCDD, 2,3,7,8-TeCDF)有較高去除率(>94.0%)。當活性碳噴注量為40 kg/hr時，同步添加生化溶液(20 L/T)混合於造粒燒結製程進料中，戴奧辛/呋喃之去除率則高達99%。添加生化溶液對於高氯數戴奧辛/呋喃物種(OCDD, OCDF)則有較高去除效率(>97.4%)。若能有效結合活性碳與生化溶液對煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃之去除機制，可有效控制煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃之排放。
本研究所探討之二座煉鐵電弧爐和一座都市垃圾焚化爐，配置過濾袋集塵器(bag filters)或彈匣式集塵器(cartridge filters)為空氣污染物防治設備，然而經過四年操作後，對於煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之去除效率介於-98%至-256%之間。由此可知，大量戴奧辛/呋喃附著於濾袋上，因煙道廢氣不斷吹拂，使得戴奧辛/呋喃自濾袋或濾材上脫附，造成過濾袋集塵器對戴奧辛/呋喃濃度之去除率為負值。將濾袋更換後，煙道廢氣戴奧辛/呋喃濃度去除效率介於53%-89%之間。由上述結果得知，集塵器之濾袋或濾材須定期更換，以減少戴奧辛/呋喃之記憶效應。
上述研究結果顯示，進料成分對不同工業熱處理程序之排放戴奧辛/呋喃濃度，均扮演相當重要角色。而不同空氣污染防治設備或方法對戴奧辛/呋喃之去除效果有異，去除機制亦不同，若能有效結合，可大幅降低戴奧辛/呋喃排放。過濾袋集塵器之濾袋或彈匣式集塵器之濾材，亦因操作時間過久，附著大量戴奧辛/呋喃。唯有定期檢測和更換濾袋，方能有效控制煙道廢氣中戴奧辛/呋喃排放。

The emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furans (PCDD/Fs) from the different thermal processes was investigated. These thermal processes included aluminum smelting plant, electric arc furnace, fly ash treatment plant, and municipal solid waste incinerators. Seventeen PCDD/F congeners were measured by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS).
The four secondary aluminum smelters (ALS) yield much higher PCDD/Fs than the aluminum ingot smelters, or 7.94-22.7 vs 0.57-2.67 ng/Nm3, due to a large percentage of waste or recycled aluminum used in the former and over 50% ingot used in the latter. The PCDD/F emission factor is related to either raw materials used or product produced, and the average emission factor of four secondary ALS is much higher than that of aluminum ingot smelters, or approximately 20 times higher based on either raw materials or product.
The most important PCDD/F source of input mass in the fly ash treatment plant (the Waelz process) was EAF fly ash, which had a mean PCDD/F content of 18.51 ng/g and contributed more than 99% of the PCDD/F input mass. For the PCDD/F output mass, the major total PCDD/F content of 43.73 and 10.78 ng/g were in bag-filter- and cyclone-ashes, which accounted for about 69% and 17%, respectively. The O/I ratio of total PCDD/F mass and total PCDD/F I-TEQ were 0.62 and 1.19, respectively. Thus, the effects of the Waelz process for the depletion of total PCDD/F mass was positive but minor, while the effect for total PCDD/F I-TEQ was adverse overall.
In the amount of 20, 40 and 50 kg/hr powder activated carbon (PAC) injection, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/Fs in the stack flue gas were 86%, 96% and 97%, respectively. By adding an increased amount of PAC, the removal efficiencies were enhanced while the reduction fractions of low chlorinated PCDD/F congeners were much higher than those of highly chlorinated PCDD/F congeners. The addition of bio-solution (NOE-7F) in the raw materials had a dechlorination on the PCDD/F removal and mainly inhibited highly chlorinated PCDD/F formation. The combination of both PAC injection and NOE-7F addition has a high potential for practical application.
The usage of filters over the four-year period led to increases of the total I-TEQ levels after the bag filters by 98%-256%, in the three plants. After the replacement of filters, the total I-TEQ after the filters decreased by 53%-89%, in these plants. A great amount of PCDD/Fs were sorbed by the installed filters over four-year period and their subsequent release from filters led to increases of PCDD/Fs levels in the stack flue gases. The release of PCDD/Fs from filters resulted most likely from the blow-off of fine pieces of the aged filter material by the flue gas when the filter was used after a certain period. High PCDD/F concentrations after the filters are attributed conventionally to the memory effect of the filters.
The results of this study showed that the raw materials played an important role to PCDD/F formation. Different air pollution control devices could reach different removal efficiency of PCDD/F. How to combine different air pollution control devices (APCDs) to reduce PCDD/F emission effectively is a critical issue. The PCDD/F concentration was measured regularly and replacement of filters or materials of APCDs was also necessary.

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