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研究生：	蔡澤盛 Thai, Ze-Sheng
論文名稱：	兩處環境水體中含硫臭味物質及水面排放通量調查研究 Investigation of Sulfuric Odorous Compounds in Two Environmental Water Bodies and Measurement of their Emission Flux from Water Surface
指導教授：	林財富 Lin, Tsair-Fuh
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 環境工程學系 Department of Environmental Engineering
論文出版年：	2026
畢業學年度：	114
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	136
中文關鍵詞：	嗅覺層次分析法(Flavor profile analysis, FPA) 、氣相層析質譜儀(Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC-MS) 、固相微萃取法(Solid phase micro-extraction, SPME) 、氣相層析火焰光度檢測器(Gas chromatography/flame photometric detector, GC-FPD) 、含硫揮發性有機化合物(Volatile organic sulfur compounds, VOSCs) 、吲哚（Indole）、糞臭素（Skatole）、醛類消毒副產物、動態通量室（Dynamic chamber）
外文關鍵詞：	Flavor profile analysis (FPA), Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Gas chromatography/flame photometric detector (GC-FPD), Volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSCs), Dynamic flux chamber
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本研究針對臺南運河及鳥嘴潭人工湖之含硫臭味物質進行調查，並利用通量室評估臺南運河臭味逸散通量，並針對以鳥嘴潭為水源之嘉興淨水場與草屯淨水場清水樣品之糞臭味來源進行鑑別。研究中分析目標包括甲硫醇（Methyl Mercaptan, MeSH）、硫化氫（Hydrogen Sulfide, H₂S）、二甲基硫（Dimethyl Sulfide, DMS）、二甲基二硫（Dimethyl Disulfide, DMDS）、二甲基三硫（Dimethyl Trisulfide, DMTS）及二硫化碳（Carbon Disulfide, CS₂）等含硫臭味物質，並同時分析吲哚（Indole）、糞臭素（Skatole）及醛類化合物等可能造成糞臭味之物質。
本研究結合嗅覺層次分析法（Flavor Profile Analysis, FPA）、固相微萃取（Solid Phase Microextraction, SPME）、氣相層析質譜儀（Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS）及氣相層析火焰光度檢測器（Gas Chromatography/Flame Photometric Detector, GC-FPD）進行臭味物質之定性與定量分析，並利用動態通量室評估臺南運河中硫化氫與甲硫醇之逸散通量。
研究結果顯示，臺南運河中可檢測到多種含硫臭味物質，其中DMS及H₂S為主要臭味貢獻物質。相關性分析結果亦顯示，鹽度、導電度及溶氧等環境因子與含硫臭味物質具有顯著關聯。相比之下，鳥嘴潭人工湖則檢出少量DMS、DMDS、DMTS及CS₂，整體含硫臭味物質濃度明顯低於臺南運河，且硫化合物與水質參數之間相關性普遍較弱，顯示潔淨淡水環境中的硫循環過程與受污染半鹹水環境中的硫循環過程存在顯著差異。
在淨水場糞臭味問題方面， GC-MS分析結果顯示樣品中並未檢測出Indole、Skatole及醛類。經不同去氯方式及去離子水（DI water）進行交互驗證後發現，糞臭味主要來自次氯酸鈉與硫代硫酸鈉反應所產生之副反應氣味，而非原水中既有之臭味物質。
動態通量室實驗結果顯示，硫化氫與甲硫醇均具有持續逸散現象，其平均逸散通量分別約為0.0356 mg/m²·min及0.0015 mg/m²·min。綜合而言，臺南運河臭味問題主要與含硫臭味物質之生成及逸散有關，而鳥嘴潭淨水場所觀察之糞臭味則與去氯程序有關。本研究成果可作為水體臭味監測、臭味來源鑑別及臭味控制策略之參考依據。

This study investigated sulfur-containing odor compounds in two representative aquatic environments, the Tainan Canal and the Niaozuitan Artificial Lake, and further evaluated their odor emission characteristics using a dynamic flux chamber. Odor characteristics were assessed using Flavor Profile Analysis (FPA), while chemical analyses were conducted using Solid-Phase Microextraction coupled with Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (SPME- GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography–Flame Photometric Detection (GC-FPD).
The results showed that dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) were the major sulfur-containing odor compounds in the Tainan Canal, and their concentrations varied with environmental conditions. Long-term monitoring indicated that salinity, electrical conductivity, and temperature were important factors influencing the distribution of sulfur compounds in this brackish-water system. In contrast, neither H₂S nor methyl mercaptan (MeSH) was detected in the Niaozuitan Artificial Lake, and the correlations between sulfur compounds and water quality parameters were generally weak, suggesting that sulfur cycling processes in freshwater environments differ substantially from those in brackish waters.
In addition, an odor problem observed in treated water from water treatment plants was confirmed to originate from the dechlorination process using sodium thiosulfate rather than from indole, skatole, or aldehydic compounds. Dynamic flux chamber experiments further demonstrated the emission potential of H₂S and MeSH from the Tainan Canal. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights into sulfur-related odor formation, water quality management, and odor control strategies in aquatic environments.

摘要 i
Extended Abstract iii
致謝 vii
目錄 ix
圖目錄 xiii
表目錄 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究起源 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 水中常見臭味物質 3
2-1-1 含硫臭味物質 7
2-1-1-1 硫化氫（H₂S） 9
2-1-1-2 甲硫醇（MeSH） 9
2-1-1-3 二甲基硫（DMS）、二甲基二硫（DMDS）、二甲基三硫（DMTS） 10
2-1-1-4 二硫化碳（CS₂） 11
2-1-2 含氮臭味物質 11
2-1-3 醛類化合物 14
2-2 臭味物質化學分析方法 14
2-2-1 固相微萃取法（Solid-phase microextraction，SPME） 15
2-2-2 氣相層析質譜儀（Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry，GC-MS） 16
2-2-3 氣相層析-火焰光度偵測器（Gas chromatography with Flame Photometric Detector，GC-FPD） 17
2-3 臭味物質官能評價法 18
2-3-1 初嗅數法（Threshold Odor Number，TON） 19
2-3-2 嗅覺層次分析法（Flavor Profile Analysis，FPA） 19
2-3-3 強制選擇嗅覺閾值分析法（Determination of Odor and Taste Thresholds by a Forced-Choice Ascending Concentration Series Method of Limits，FCM） 22
2-3-4 其他官能評價法 22
2-4 浮動通量室法（Floating Chamber Method，FCM） 24
2-4-1 浮動通量室法的技術原理 24
2-4-2 浮動通量室法的發展歷史與應用 25
2-4-3 浮動通量室法的優勢 25
2-4-4 環境因素對測量的影響 26
2-5 研究場址 27
2-5-1 臺南運河 27
2-5-2 鳥嘴潭人工湖 28
2-6 其他地區水體中含有VOSCs之案例 29
2-6-1 美國林斯利池塘（Linsley Pond）：水體分層與缺氧促進VOSCs累積 29
2-6-2 中國太湖：藍綠藻衰亡造成黑水團與硫化物異味 29
2-6-3 南極 Organic Lake：微生物代謝促進VOSCs生成 30
第三章 實驗設備與方法 31
3-1 實驗架構流程 31
3-2 共用實驗試劑與設備 33
3-3 研究場址水樣採集 35
3-3-1 採樣及保存方法 35
3-3-2 水質分析方法 37
3-4 臭味物質化學分析方法 38
3-4-1 GC-MS分析方法 38
3-4-2 GC-FPD分析方法 40
3-5 臭味物質官能評價方法：強制選擇嗅覺閾值分析法 41
3-6 臭味物質官能評價法：初嗅數法 42
3-7 臭味物質官能評價法：嗅覺層次分析法 42
3-8 浮動通量室 45
第四章 結果與討論 47
4-1 嗅覺閾值測定與分析方法建立 47
4-1-1 嗅覺閾值測定 47
4-1-2 GC-MS分析方法建立 48
4-1-3 GC-FPD分析方法建立 54
4-2 環境水體臭味物質分析 56
4-2-1 臺南運河 56
4-2-1-1 第一次採樣（2025年11月10日） 57
4-2-1-2 第二次採樣（2026年1月5日） 62
4-2-1-3 第三次採樣（2026年1月19日） 67
4-2-1-4 第四次採樣（2026年3月27日） 72
4-2-1-5 第五次採樣（2026年5月8日） 77
4-2-1-6 長期監測結果 81
4-3 淨水場糞臭味問題分析 91
4-3-1 FPA分析結果 91
4-3-2 化學分析結果 94
4-3-3 去離子水驗證實驗 95
4-3-4 糞臭味形成機制探討 97
4-4 臺南運河臭味逸散通量 99
4-4-1 硫化氫濃度變化 99
4-4-2 甲硫醇濃度變化 101
4-4-3 臭味物質逸散通量計算 103
4-4-4 理論濃度曲綫與實際濃度比較 105
第五章 結論與建議 108
5-1 結論 108
5-2 建議 109
參考文獻 111
                                    

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