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研究生: 董上銘
Tong, Sun-Ming
論文名稱: 以甲苯半連續馴養現地微生物共代謝三氯乙烯之研究
指導教授: 郭明錦
Kuo, Tom
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 資源工程學系
Department of Resources Engineering
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 89
中文關鍵詞: 共代謝甲苯三氯乙烯
相關次數: 點閱:96下載:2
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  • 本研究主要在實驗室半連續泥漿環境中,了解現地族群菌種微生物是否能被馴養以甲苯為基質共代謝生物降解三氯乙烯(TCE);另觀察在同樣條件下植入甲苯分解菌T1菌時,對於三氯乙烯的生物降解共代謝行為,以作為當現地菌無法成功馴養的另一選擇。
    半連續馴養操作簡單,可迅速評估生物復育之可行性,適用在土壤地下水污染場址整治方法之初期篩選。
    就菌數而言,多落在10^5~10^6 cells/ml 之間;營養鹽純氧曝氣至32ppm以上,溶氧消耗(包括實驗過程非生物性損耗)多在25~30ppm,因此溶氧充足;根據單一培養時程實驗結果,幾乎沒有中間產物的產生,僅發現在約10小時前後產生Vinyl Chloride等中間產物且濃度很低,顯示本實驗處於穩定的好氧環境。根據現地組II與現地組I的三氯乙烯移除率比較,趨勢結果相似,亦顯示操作過程對實驗結果的變異性很小,操作穩定。
    在三氯乙烯濃度約640ppb, 甲苯濃度約9500ppb 的情況下,植種組三氯乙烯共代謝去除率達65.4+-6.8 %,兩次現地組各達67.5+-9.9 %及73.5+-12.2 %。穩態下三氯乙烯共代謝去除率達76.5+-7.4 %。
    建議未來進一步執行連續流試驗研究;再經現地模廠試驗驗證現地之生物共代謝降解效率;最後實際應用在台灣本土三氯乙烯之污染場址。

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    誌謝---------------------------------------------------I 摘要--------------------------------------------------II 目錄--------------------------------------------------IV 圖目錄-------------------------------------------------VII 表目錄--------------------------------------------------IX 第一章 前言 1-1研究緣起----------------------------------------------1 1-2研究項目與內容----------------------------------------2 第二章 文獻回顧 2-1土壤及地下水污染來源----------------------------------4 2-2有機污染物在土壤與地下水中之宿命----------------------6 2-3三氯乙烯的特性危害與污染現況--------------------------9 2-3-1 三氯乙烯之物化特性及其對人體危害-------------------9 2-3-2 三氯乙烯之污染現況--------------------------------10 2-3-3 三氯乙烯於地表下的污染行為------------------------17 2-4 受污染土壤與地下水整治技術回顧----------------------18 2-5 生物復育的影響因子----------------------------------28 2-6 三氯乙烯的生物降解----------------------------------32 2-6-1 三氯乙烯共代謝形式----------------------------32 2-6-2 三氯乙烯共代謝機制----------------------------36 2-7 半連續泥漿法的前人研究------------------------------41 第三章 實驗材料與方法 3-1 實驗土壤------------------------------------------42 3-1-1 土壤前處理-------------------------------------42 3-1-2 土壤理化性質分析-------------------------------42 3-2 實驗藥品------------------------------------------49 3-2-1 碳源-------------------------------------------49 3-2-2 無機營養鹽-------------------------------------49 3-2-3 培養基-----------------------------------------49 3-2-4 實驗用水---------------------------------------49 3-3 菌株的液體培養------------------------------------51 3-4 實驗方法------------------------------------------51 第四章 結果與討論 4-1 供試土壤的理化性質--------------------------------54 4-2 三氯乙烯之生物降解試驗----------------------------55 4-2-1 植種組實驗結果--------------------------------56 4-2-2 現地組I實驗結果-------------------------------60 4-2-3 現地組II之實驗結果----------------------------67 4-2-4 微生物族群的變化------------------------------70 4-3 溶氧消耗、菌數及三氯乙烯移除率--------------------73 4-4 綜合討論------------------------------------------79 第五章 結論與建議 5-1 結論---------------------------------------------81 5-2 建議---------------------------------------------82 參考文獻-----------------------------------------------84 圖 目 錄 圖2-1 土壤污染來源 -------------------------------------5 圖2-2 有機污染物在環境中之宿命 -------------------------8 圖2-3 四氯乙烯經由還原性脫氯轉換成二氧化碳的可能途徑 --34 圖2-4 甲苯、酚及苯甲酸之一般開環途徑 ------------------38 圖2-5 不同甲苯分解菌的甲苯代謝途徑 --------------------39 圖3-1 土壤質地檢測方法流程 ----------------------------44 圖3-2 土壤有機質檢測方法流程 --------------------------47 圖3-3 土壤陽離子交換能力檢測方法之流程 ----------------48 圖3-4 半連續批次泥漿法操作流程 ------------------------52 圖3-5 三氯乙烯生物降解實驗流程圖 ---------------------53 圖4-1 植種組每個Incubation中, TCE之平均移除率 --------57 圖4-2 給予基質甲苯時,植種組基質甲苯與三氯乙烯的降解情況--58 圖4-3 終止給予基質甲苯與給予基質甲苯時,植種組三氯乙烯的降解情況比較-----------------------------------------------59 圖4-4 現地組I每個Incubation中, TCE之平均移除率---------62 圖4-5 以甲苯為基質,現地組I第一次甲苯及三氯乙烯濃度比(C/Co)對時間之關係圖-----------------------------------------63 圖4-6 給予基質甲苯與終止給予基質甲苯狀態下, 現地組I第一次三氯乙烯降解濃度比對時間之差異---------------------------64 圖4-7 以甲苯為基質,現地組I第二次甲苯及三氯乙烯降解濃度比對時間之關係圖-------------------------------------------65 圖4-8 給予基質甲苯與終止給予基質狀態下,現地組I第二次甲苯及三氯乙烯降解濃度比對時間之差異-------------------------66 圖4-9 到Incubation 11 為止,現地組II三氯乙烯平均移除率-69 圖4-10 塗抹菌相圖例(Incubation 3) ---------------------72 圖5-1 本論文與未來研究方向結合之概念圖-----------------83 表 目 錄 表2-1 三氯乙烯之基本特性--------------------------------12 表2-2 三氯乙烯對人體健康的危害效應----------------------13 表2-3 三氯乙烯之產生源及污染途徑------------------------14 表2-4 國內有機污染物污染案件----------------------------15 表2-5 美國superfund Site 中最常見的20種地下水污染物-----16 表2-6 地下水整治技術及其所適用範圍之彙整 ---------------21 表2-7為地下水整治技術的優缺點比較-----------------------23 表2-8 每公克典型園藝土壤中主要微生物種類其數量與深度關係-29 表2-9 有機物在不同環境下分解之基質角色------------------29 表2-10 不同甲苯分解菌的代謝途徑-------------------------40 表3-1 無基營養鹽成分及濃度------------------------------50 表3-2 NA 成分-------------------------------------------50 表4-1 現地組I在穩態情況下,三氯乙烯在給予基質甲苯與終止給予基質甲苯時,72小時後之降解數據 -------------------------66 表4-2 現地組II至目前為止,三氯乙烯在給予基質甲苯與終止給予基質甲苯時,經72小時之降解數據----------------------------70 表4-3 植種組各培養時段三重複之溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除 率----------------------------------------------74 表4-4 現地組I各培養時段三重複之溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率------------------------------------------------75 表4-5 現地組II各培養時段三重複之溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率---------------------------------------------------76 表4-6 植種組給予基質甲苯,濃度比對時間關係過程中,溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率---------------------------------77 表4-7植種組終止供給基質甲苯,濃度比對時間關係過程中,溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率-----------------------------77 表4-8現地組I第二次給予基質甲苯,濃度比對時間關係過程中,溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率----------------------------78 表4-9現地組I第二次終止給予基質甲苯,濃度比對時間關係過程中,溶氧消耗、菌數與三氯乙烯移除率------------------------78

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