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研究生：	李漢昇 Li, Han-Sheng
論文名稱：	阿法質譜探測儀上, 粒子軌跡演算法以及 0.5-500 GeV 之初級宇宙射線正電子比測量 The new tracking Algorithm and Measurement of Positron Fraction with the AMS-02 Experiment
指導教授：	楊毅 Yang, Yi
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 物理學系 Department of Physics
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	86
中文關鍵詞：	Cosmic rays 、AMS-02 、Dark matter 、Positron fraction
外文關鍵詞：	Cosmic rays, AMS-02, Dark matter, Positron fraction
相關次數：	點閱：129 下載：5
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阿法質譜探測儀（AMS-02）是安裝在國際太空站上的粒子物理探
測器, AMS-02 的主要目的是解開自然界中重要的問題, 像是物質與反
物質不對稱性以及暗物質的存在。AMS-02 從2011 年5 月開始運作, 到
現在已經收集了超過90 億個宇宙射線事件。在這篇論文中, 我們將提
出一個在AMS-02 上新的粒子軌跡演算法模型, 以及展示0.5 - 500 GeV
之初級宇宙射線正電子比測量的結果, 這個結果顯示我們正在接近新物
理的邊緣。

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) is a general purpose particle physics detector installed on the International Space Station. The main purpose of AMS-02 is to answer the most important questions in Nature, for example the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the origin of dark matter.
AMS-02 detector has collected more than 90 billion cosmic rays since May 2011. In this study, we present a new tracking algorithm for AMS-02, and show the precision measurement of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 500 GeV. This result indicates that we are at the corner of finding new physics.

Abstract in Chinese . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
Abstract in English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Theoretical review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Cosmic rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Antimatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 Dark matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 AMS-02 experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1 International Space Station (ISS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 AMS-02 Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2.1 Transition Radiation Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.2.2 Permanent magnet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.2.3 Time of Flight system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.2.4 Silicon tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2.5 Ring Image Cherenkov detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.2.6 Electromagnetic Calorimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4 New Tracking Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Magnetic and Material effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.3 Performance in Toy MC simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3.1 Energy loss distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.3.2 The change of particle directions and positions . . . . . . . . . . . 32
4.4 Track model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.4.1 Performance of track model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5 Positron Fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.1 Data Sample and Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.2 Selection Variables for Positron Fraction Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.3 Particle templates and Iteration Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.3.1 Particle templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.3.2 Iteration Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.4 Charge Confusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.5 Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.5.1 Statistical Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.5.2 Systematic Uncertainties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6 Conclusion and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6.2.1 Truth and reconstructed photon in MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Appendix A The comparisons of parameters between official MC and Toy MC . . . 76
A.1 The multiple scattering parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
A.2 The ionization energy loss parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Appendix B Iteration method on real data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B.1 Negative charge data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B.2 Positive charge data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Appendix C Truth and reconstructed photon in MC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
C.1 The difference of angle between primary and reconstructed photon . . . . . 85
C.2 The opening angle between electron and positron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
                                    

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校內：立即公開
校外：不公開電子論文尚未授權公開，紙本請查館藏目錄

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