簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 鄭景綸
Cheng, Ching-lun
論文名稱: 地工合成物加勁邊坡之承載力分析
Analysis on the ultimate bearing capacity of geosynthetic-reinforced slopes
指導教授: 黃景川
Huang, Ching-chuan
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 土木工程學系
Department of Civil Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 93
中文關鍵詞: 承載力分析
外文關鍵詞: ultimate bearing capacity
相關次數: 點閱:145下載:2
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 摘 要
    本研究以極限平衡為基礎,建立多楔形分析法,並對於分析方法
    進行初步之正確性檢驗。探討加勁土壤回包為面版之加勁擋土結構物,
    對於整體邊坡穩定性的影響,進行相關之參數分析,如土壤摩擦角、加
    勁材強度與長度以及各介面摩擦角等,並參照Matsushima et al.(2007)
    所進行一系列邊坡加載試驗,進行模擬分析。
    分析結果,於純參數分析中,影響整體邊坡穩定性以土壤摩擦角
    (φs)最為顯著,其次為土楔間介面摩擦角(φBF),然而加勁材張力強度與
    埋設長度、土壤與加勁材介面摩擦角(φbag)、牆背摩擦角(φFW)以及面板-
    加勁土壤回包堆疊傾斜等,皆對於整體穩定性有提升的效果。
    本研究對於Matsushima et al.(2007)所進行一系列邊坡加載試
    驗模擬分析,結果顯示,土壤發揮摩擦角介於78~86﹪平面應變尖峰摩
    擦角(φp)範圍內,提供設計時參考之初步依據,並與Huang and
    Kang(2006)、Huang and Tatsuoka(1994)提出自然邊坡承載力進行比較。

    ABSTRACT
    A limit-equilibrium-based stability analysis method is developed to simulate the
    stability of geosynthetic-reinforced sand slopes stabilized with soil bags stacked on the
    slope face as well as unreinforced sand slope. The stability of unreinforced and
    reinforced sand slopes when loaded with a rigid strip footing placed on the slope crest
    were evaluated by physical model tests in the laboratory. The physical model tests were
    analyzed by the proposed analysis method. The results of the analysis are in good
    agreement with the physical model test results. A parametric study performed using the
    proposed method revealed that the effects of the inter-wedge friction angle, φBF, and
    internal friction angle of the backfill soil, φs, on the slope stability of the unreinforced and
    reinforced sand slopes are significant. The ultimate footing loads observed in five
    physical model tests on reinforced and unreinforced slopes can be simulated by the
    proposed analysis method (assuming isotropic perfectly plastic stress-strain behaviour of
    backfill) when using a single ‘operational’ friction angle (φop) that is 82 to 86 % of the
    peak internal friction angle obtained from conventional drained plane strain compression
    tests (namely, φp) under low pressure levels as in the model tests. This ratio of φop / φp is
    consistent with the one found in the stability analyses of reinforced and unreinforced
    gentle sand slopes reported by Huang and Tatsuoka (1994). It is considered that the fact
    that the φop value is lower than the φp value is due to combined effects of stress
    level-dependency, inherent anisotropy and progressive failure on the local friction angles
    mobilized along the potential failure surface at the moment when the footing load applied
    to the unreinforced and reinforced sand slopes becomes the peak.

    目錄 第一章 緒論......................................................................... 1 1-1 前言.................................................. 1 1-2 研究目的............................................. 2 1-3 研究方法及內容....................................... 3 第二章 文獻回顧.................................................................. 4 2-1 前言.................................................. 4 2-2 回顧加勁擋土結構物穩定分析檢核...................... 5 2-3 回顧加勁擋土結構物分析法............................. 6 2-4 回顧改良式多楔形分析法發展說明...................... 11 第三章 分析法建立............................................................ 22 3-1 改良式三楔形分析法建立............................... 22 - VI - 3-1-1 楔形塊W (Wedge W , Facing)力平衡推導說明........ 23 3-1-2 楔形塊B(Wedge B)力平衡推導說明................. 24 3-1-3 楔形塊F(Wedge F)力平衡推導說明.................. 26 3-2 程式分析流程........................................ 28 第四章 探討以加勁土壤回包為面牆之純參數分析.............. 34 4-1 分析中土壤性質介紹-日本標準試驗砂(豐浦砂) ........... 34 4-2 分析各楔型間加勁材之加勁力計算說明................. 35 4-2-1 面牆-土壤回包加勁材之抗拉拔力.................. 35 4-2-2 程式分析中加勁力之判斷......................... 36 4-3 程式分析中各參數探討與說明......................... 36 4-3-1 背填土壤摩擦角說明............................. 36 4-3-2 牆背摩擦角(φFW )之影響說明....................... 37 4-3-3 土楔F、B 間介面摩擦角之影響說明................ 37 - VII - 4-3-4 加勁材與土壤介面摩擦角之影響說明............... 38 4-3-5 加勁材鋪設長度說明............................. 38 4-3-6 加勁材張力強度說明............................. 39 4-3-7 加勁土壤回包堆疊傾斜( b α )之效應說明............ 40 4-3-8 探討面牆傾斜角度( S α )與面牆底反力(RW)之關係說明40 第五章 加勁土壤回包承載力分析與驗證說明..................... 55 5-1 改良式多楔型分析法模擬實驗分析結果說明............. 55 5-1-1 分析無土壤加勁回包邊坡(Test No.US-1) 說明...... 55 5-1-2 分析無土壤加勁回包邊坡(Test No.US-2) 說明...... 56 5-1-3 分析加勁土壤回包邊坡(Test No.H+T) 說明.......... 56 5-1-4 分析加勁土壤回包邊坡(Test No.I) 說明........... 57 5-1-5 分析加勁土壤回包邊坡(Test No.I+T) 說明......... 58 5-2 利用改良式多楔形分析法探討自然邊坡承載力說明....... 59 - VIII - 5-3 利用改良式多楔形分析法探討背填土坡面角度影響說明... 60 第六章 結論與建議............................................................ 86 6-1 結論................................................ 86 6-2 建議與後續研究..................................... 88 參考文獻............................................................................ 89 - IX - 圖目錄 圖2.1 土壤於壓力下,有無圍壓作用之示意圖,左為無圍壓狀況下、右為有圍壓狀況下 (取自 周 南山,1997) ................................................14 圖2.2 加勁材與土壤間相互作用下,破壞面上應力互制作用示意圖14(取自 Jewell, 1984)....................................................14 圖2.3(a) 加勁材與土壤間應力傳遞示意圖 (取自 賴森榮, 1987) ...................................................15 圖2.3(b) 加勁材結點阻抗示意圖 (取自 賴森榮, 1987)....................................................15 圖2.4 加勁材張力強度檢核示意圖.......................................................16 圖2.5 加勁材鋪設長度檢核示意圖.......................................................16 圖2.6 加勁擋土牆設計法中所考量的破壞模式示意圖 (取自NCMA, 1998) ...................................................17 圖 2.7 Jewell 設計法假設之楔形破壞面(取自 Jewell, 1984)...................................................17 圖 2.8 Leshchinsky & Perry 設計所假設之破壞面型式(Leshchinsky & Perry, 1987)............................................18 圖2.9(a) 複合式破壞示意圖 (取自Ling & Leshchinsky, 1998)....................................................19 圖2.9(b) 底部滑動破壞示意圖 (取自Ling & Leshchinsky, 1998) ...................................................19 圖2.10 塊石擋土牆有限元素分割示意圖(取自Cai & Bathurst, 1995)....................................................20 圖3.1 三楔形分析法力平衡圖.......................................................31 圖3.2 程式分析流程圖.......................................................32 圖3.3 程式控制點示意圖.......................................................33 圖4.1 應力傳遞機制 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................42 圖4.2 面牆土包堆疊示意圖 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................43 圖4.3 土壤加勁回包受力情形示意圖(取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................44 圖4.4 牆底剪力強度與垂直應力關係圖(取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................45 圖4.5 分析中使用參數示意圖.......................................................46 圖4.6 程式分析trial and error 破壞面示意圖.......................................................47 圖4.7 土壤加勁回包堆疊角度不同情況下安全係數對土壤摩擦角關係 圖.......................................................48 圖4.8 土壤加勁回包堆疊角度不同情況下安全係數對牆背摩擦角關係 圖.......................................................49 圖4.9 土包堆疊角度不同下安全係數對土楔F、B 介面摩擦角關係圖 .........................................................50 圖4.10 加勁材與土壤介面摩擦角不同情形下安全係數對土包堆疊角度關係圖.......................................................51 圖4.11 加勁材張力強度不同情形下安全係數對加勁材埋設長度關係 .........................................................52 圖4.12 加勁材張力強度與應變關係 (取自Matsushima et al., 2007) ...................................................53 圖4.13 土包堆疊角度不同情況下面牆傾斜角度與牆背摩擦角之關係圖 .........................................................54 圖5.1 實際案例示意圖 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................62 圖5.2 載重模型示意圖 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................62 圖5.3 各載重模型試驗表面配置圖 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................63 圖5.4 載重模型試驗破壞示意圖 (取自Matsushima et al.,2007) ...............................................64 圖5.5 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、無加勁土包堆疊情況下程式分析結果.......................................................65 圖5.6 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、無加勁土包堆疊情況下程式分析結果破壞面與 載重模型試驗破壞面示意圖.......................................................66 圖5.7 邊坡(H:V=1.5:1)、無加勁土包堆疊情況下程式分析結果.......................................................67 圖5.8 邊坡(H:V=1.5:1)、無加勁土包堆疊情況下程式分析結果破壞面 與載重模型試驗破壞面示意圖.......................................................68 圖5.9 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程式分 析結果。.....................................................69 圖5.10 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程式分 析結果。.....................................................70 圖5.11 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程式分 析結果。.....................................................71 圖5.12 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程式分 析結果。.....................................................72 圖5.13 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包水平堆疊尾端有埋設加勁材情況下 程式分析結果破壞面與載重模型試驗破壞面示意圖.......................................................73 圖5.14 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊傾斜情況下程式分析結果.......................................................74 圖5.15 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包堆疊傾斜情況下程式分析結果.......................................................75 圖5.16 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包傾斜堆疊情況下程式分析結果破壞面 與載重模型試驗破壞面示意圖.......................................................76 圖5.17 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包傾斜堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程 式分析結果。.....................................................77 圖5.18 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包傾斜堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程 式分析結果。.....................................................78 圖5.19 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包傾斜堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程 式分析結果。.....................................................79 圖5.20 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加勁土包傾斜堆疊尾端有鋪設加勁材情況下程 式分析結果。.....................................................80 圖5.21 邊坡(H:V=1:1)、加土包傾斜堆疊情況下程式分析結果破壞面與 載重模型試驗破壞面示意圖.......................................................81 圖5.22 自然邊坡承載力分析與各學者比較關係圖.......................................................82 圖5.23 牆頂邊坡角度變化之關係圖.......................................................83 表目錄 表2-1 極限平衡與有限元素分析法優缺點比較表(整理自周南 山, 1993)............................................... 21 表2-2 一般加勁擋土牆極限平衡分析法比較表(取自陳榮河, 1989) .................................................. 21 表5.1 程式分析參數與破壞面座標角度...................... 84 表5.2 實驗參數一覽表.................................... 85

    參 考 文 獻
    1. Austin, R.A. and Martin, C. (1996) “The connection strength of masonary
    block faced retaining walls” Proceedings of the International Symposium
    on Earth Reinforcement, Fukuoka, Vol. 1, pp. 13-17.
    2. Bathurst, R.J. and Hatami, K. (1998) “Seismic response analysis of a
    geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining wall” Geosynthetic International,
    Vol. 5, Nos. 1-2, pp. 127-166
    3. Bathurst, R.J., Blatz, J.A. and Burger, M.H. (2003) “Performance of
    instrumented large-scale unreinforced and reinforced embankments loaded
    by a strip footing to failure” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 40, pp.
    1067-1083.
    4. Bathurst, R.J., Vlachopoulos, N., Walters, D.L., Burgess, P.G. and Allen,
    T.M. (2006) “The influence of facing stiffness on the performance of two
    geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls” Canadian Geotechnical
    Journal, Vol. 43, pp. 1225-1237.
    5. Blatz, J.A. and Bathurst, R.J. (2003) “Limit equilibrium analysis of
    large-scale reinforced and unreinforced embankments loaded by a strip
    footing” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 40, pp. 1084-1092.
    6. Graham, J., Andrew, M. and Shield, D. H. (1988) “Stress characteristics
    for shallow footings in cohesionless slopes” Canadian Geotechnical
    Journal, Vol. 25, pp. 238-249.
    7. Huang, C.C., and Tatsuoka, F. (1994) “Stability analysis for footings on
    reinforced sand slopes”, Soils and Foundations, Vol.34, No.3, pp.21-37.
    - 90 -
    8. Huang, C.C., Tatsuoka, F., and Sato, Y. (1994) “Failure mechanisms of
    reinforced sand slopes loaded with a footing”, Soils and Foundations,
    Vol.34, No.2, pp27-40.
    9. Huang, C.C. and Wang, W.C. (2005a) “Seismic displacement of a
    geosynthetic-reinforced wall in the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nambu earthquake”,
    Soils and Foundation, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp.1-10.
    10. Huang, C.C. and Wang, W.C. (2005b) “Seismic displacement charts for
    the performance-based assessment of reinforced soil walls”, Geosynthetics
    International, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 176-190.
    11. Huang, C.C. and Wu, S.H. (2006) “Simplified approach for assessing
    seismic displacements of soil-retaining walls- (I) Geosynthetics-reinforced
    modular blocks walls“ Geosynthetics International, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp.
    219-233.
    12. Jewell, R.A., Paine, N. and Woods, R.I. (1985) “Design methods for steep
    reinforced embankments ”Proceedings of the Symposium on Polymer Grid
    Reinforcement in Civil Engineering, Thomas Telford, London, pp. 70-81.
    13. Lee, K.M. and Manjunath, V.R. (2000) “Experimental and numerical
    studies of geosynthetic-reinforced sand slopes loaded with a footing”
    Candian Journal, Vol. 37, pp. 828-842.
    14. Matsushima, k., Yamzaki, S., Morhi, Y., and Arangelovski, G. (2005).
    Overflow model test of small dam with soil bag, Proc. 40th Annual
    Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering, Sapporo (in Japanese).
    15. Matsushima, M., Yamazaki, S., Mohri,Y., Hori, T., Ariyoshi, M. and
    - 91 -
    Tatsuoka, F. (2007a) Full-scale overflow-induced collapse tests on
    embankments using soil bags anchored with geosynthetic reinforcement”
    Proc. 5th Int. Sym.on Earth Reinforcement (IS Kyushu 2007).
    16. Vesic, A.S. (1973) “Analysis of ultimate loads of shallow foundations”
    Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE , Vol. 99, No.1,
    pp. 45-73.
    17. 王偉鍵(2004) “加勁擋土牆耐震分析”, 國立成功大學土木研究所碩士
    論文。
    18. 吳書旭(2006) “加勁擋土結構物在强震下之變位分析” , 國立成功大
    學土木研究所碩士論文。
    19. 李咸亨(1990) “地工織物加勁擋土牆應力分佈”, 地工技術, 第32 期,
    第5-12 頁。
    20. 李咸亨、謝宗榮(1997) ”加勁擋土牆之抗震設計方法”, 地工技術, 第
    43 期,第11-22 頁。
    21. 李咸亨(1997) “神戶地震中加勁擋土牆的行為”, 現代營建, 第210
    期,第24-29 頁。
    22. 李咸亨、連偉智(1999) ”加勁擋土牆之動態行為解析”, 第八屆大地工
    程學術研究討論會, 第886-893 頁。
    23. 周南山(1993) “地工合成物加勁牆分析設計之探討與評估”, 地工技術,
    - 92 -
    第43 期,第32-42 頁。
    24. 周禮輝(2001) “集集地震中加勁擋土牆之破壞調查與變形分析”, 國立
    成功大學土木工程研究所碩士論文。
    25. 陳榮河(1989) “加勁牆之分析與設計”, 地工技術, 第25 期,第46-61
    頁。
    26. 陳景文、吳宗欣、Claybourn, A. F. (1993) ”不同地工織物擋土牆設計
    方法比較”, 地工技術, 第43 期,第43-49 頁。
    27. 陳昱宏(2001) “位於斜坡上擋土牆之地震中破壞調查與變形分析”, 國
    立成功大學土木工程研究所碩士論文。
    28. 黃景川、陳昱宏、周禮輝(2001) “公路擋土系統在強震下之變位與補
    強對策”, 地工技術, 第85 期,第13-24 頁。

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:2007-08-27公開
    QR CODE