長期以來，水庫的興建都被用來解決水資源不足的問題，過度使用水資源導致下游河流生態環境缺乏流量的補注，並使河流生態系統失去原本的自然流態；同時也會導致上下游侵蝕堆積作用不一致，造成泥砂都積在水庫中，經過長年的累積後，使得水庫庫容的大幅度減少，從而使水庫壽命降低。因此本研究設計一套貼近現況的水庫操作模擬，同時以最佳化蝙蝠演算法(BA)來模擬相同放流規則的水庫操作，並以蓄水量作為決策變數，來比較兩項模擬的多目標結果，期望達到人類用水需求，同時兼顧河流生態系統與提升水庫排砂效率等目標。在多目標最佳化的問題中，蝙蝠演算法可以有效的處理高度非線性的問題，並能準確地找到最佳解決方案。
本研究以曾文及烏山頭水庫系統為研究區域，藉由流量與降雨量數據，設計各標的放水規則，並以人類缺水、排砂效率、自然流態三個項目作為最佳化的目標函數。計算出目標函數的結果後，再去個別分析與討論最佳化模式和現行水庫模擬；此外，將所得出的結果結合風險評估指標、SI缺水指數，觀察其缺水情形。依據這些結果，以選擇合適的模式。
在人類缺水目標上，現行水庫模擬表現較佳，最佳化模式缺水較多主要是因為生態需求而多放水；與現實的供水情形相比，兩項模擬的放水對人類需水所造成影響是勉強可接受的。排砂效率目標上，最佳化模式的排砂效率平均值較現行水庫模擬高，且在總排砂量上有很好的表現。在自然流態目標中，最佳化模式的水文改變程度較低，即較接近自然流態的情境。然而，最佳化模式在保留蓄水量部分，表現較沒有現行水庫模擬來的好，因此若是以貼近自然流態為目標的話，建議以最佳化模式作為水庫操作方案；而若顧慮到未來的可用蓄水量，會建議以現行水庫模擬作為水庫操作方案。本研究最佳化模式結果之蓄水規線，將提供此曾文、烏山頭水庫聯合系統於未來未知的水文條件下，以最大滿足人類、排砂與生態需求的操作規則，且可以根據不同目標權重的設定，安排適合的水庫操作規則，此規則可以提供水資源管理者於決策時的參考。

The construction of reservoirs has been used to solve the problem of insufficient water resources. Excessive use of water resources leaded to the lack of flow replenishment for the downstream river ecological environment, and it altered its original natural flow regime affecting the river ecosystem. It also caused that erosion and deposition are inconsistent of upstream and downstream, causing sediment to deposit in the reservoir. Therefore, this study designed a set of reservoir operation simulations that are close to the current situation, and used the optimized bat algorithm (BA) to simulate the reservoir operation with the same discharge rules. In the optimization model, storages were treated as decision variables to compare the multi-objective results of the two simulations. Based on the flow and rainfall data of Zengwen and Wushantou Reservoir, the rules for water use were designed. The optimized objective functions included objectives such as human water shortage, sediment discharge efficiency, and natural flow regime. After calculating results of the objective function, individual analysis and discussion were used to compare the optimization model and the current reservoir simulation. In addition, the results obtained were combined with the risk assessment index and the SI water shortage index to observe the water shortage situation. The reservoir operating rule curve of the optimized model results would provide the operating rules for the Zengwen and Wushantou Reservoir System. It would be to meet human, sediment discharge and ecological needs to the greatest extent under unknown hydrological conditions in the future. According to the setting of different objective weights, suitable reservoir operation rules could be arranged, which could provide water resources managers as a reference when making decisions.

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