空氣汙染問題為近期重要的議題，而海運部門作為汙染排放來源之一，特別是船舶在港區停泊階段，每年對於港區周遭產生極大的環境影響。有鑑於此，本研究以台灣地區國際港口靠泊之貨櫃輪為研究主體，利用生命週期法探討再生能源與非再生能源的生命週期排放，並以2030年與2050年為目標年分成兩階段，探討不同減排策略情境下，預期與評估溫室氣體(Greenhouse Gas, GHG)與硫氧化物(Sulfur Oxides, SOX)排放量是否可達到《國家自定預期貢獻，INDC》、《溫室氣體減量管理法，GGRMA》、國際海事組織(International Maritime Organization, IMO)之減排目標。另外，研究中亦分析降低硫氧化物排放，對外部環境健康成本之改善幅度。
研究結果顯示，再生能源之碳排高低分別為太陽能發電、水力發電以及風力發電。非再生能源之碳排最高為煤火力發電、其次依序為含硫量0.1%、0.5%、1%的海運輕柴油，最低為天然氣發電。至於硫排放高低，再生能源依序為太陽能發電、風力發電、水力發電。非再生能源最高為含硫量1%的海運輕柴油，其次為煤火力發電、含硫量0.5%與0.1%的海運輕柴油，最低為天然氣發電。根據情境分析之結果顯示，2030年前之可行策略，以含硫量0.1%之低硫海運輕柴油，搭配岸電系統年成長率4%，溫室氣體相較2005年可降低20.1%，硫氧化物降低90.48%。2031年至2050年之可行策略，除了含硫量0.1%之輕柴油外，岸電年成長率則可從4%降低至1%，溫室氣體相較2005年與2008年可分別降低58.46%與56.12%，硫氧化物分別降低95.06%與94.78%。研究結果亦發現，實行上述策略後，硫氧化物外部健康成本於2030年與2050年，相對於當年度基礎情境，可改善81.85%與89.23%，顯示減排策略可顯著降低海運汙染對於民眾的健康負擔。綜合研究結果，岸電系統使用再生能源可有效改善溫室氣體與硫氧化物排放，並降低其對人民健康的危害程度。

Climate change and the greenhouse effect have become increasingly worse over time, and emissions from the maritime sector also have a great impact on the environment. For these reasons, in this study, container ship berthing in Taiwan’s ports is taken as the research object, and the life cycle assessment method is used to study the GHG and SOX emissions from various energy sources. In addition, emission reduction strategies scenarios are drafted into two stages to explore whether these strategies could help Taiwan to achieve the INDC, GGRMA, and IMO emissions targets for 2030 and 2050. Finally, this study also assesses improvements in environmental health costs based on reduction of SOX emissions.
The results show that in terms of GHG emissions, solar power is the highest among renewable energy sources, while thermal power is the highest among non-renewable sources. Regarding SOX emissions, solar power is the highest among renewable energy sources, and 1%S MGO is the highest among non-renewable sources. According to the scenario results, a strategy using 0.1%S MGO and a 4% annual growth shore power rate is the feasible strategy before 2030. Between 2031 to 2050, the strategy using 0.1%S MGO and a 1% annual growth shore power rate is the feasible strategy. The health costs of SOX also can be reduced by 81.85% and 89.23%, respectively, compared to the BAU-2030 and 2050.

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