| 研究生: |
朱安琪 Chu, An-Chi |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
社會性凍卵的知情同意與契約責任研究 A Study on Informed Consent and Contractual Liability in Social Egg Freezing |
| 指導教授: |
江浣翠
Chiang, Wan-Tsui |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
社會科學院 - 法律學系 Department of Law |
| 論文出版年: | 2026 |
| 畢業學年度: | 114 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 188 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 社會性凍卵 、人工生殖法 、人體分離物 、知情同意 、決策輔助工具 、冷凍卵細胞保存契約 、定型化契約 、消費者保護法 、損害賠償 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Social Egg Freezing, Assisted Reproduction Act, Informed Consent, Cryopreserved Oocyte Storage Contract, Damages |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:12 下載:0 |
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近年來,隨著晚婚晚育趨勢與女性勞動參與率提升,社會性凍卵已成為現代女性保存生育能力之新興選擇。然而,在高度商業化之生殖醫療市場中,凍卵常被包裝為「生育保險」與「女性賦權」之象徵,刻意淡化卵巢過度刺激症候群等醫療風險、凍卵後僅約一成之實際返回使用率,以及高齡產婦所面臨的妊娠併發症風險,導致醫病間存在嚴重的資訊不對稱與知情同意落差。
本文主要採用文獻分析、法制分析與比較法研究,系統性探討社會性凍卵從決策、保存至毀損滅失時之完整法律關係。首先,本文確立冷凍卵細胞為人體分離物,於法律上具備「物」之地位,且因承載女性生育自主權與身體完整性,而兼具財產權與人格權之雙重權利屬性。其次,本文將社會性凍卵解構為「取卵醫療契約」、「冷凍保存寄託契約」與「人工生殖醫療契約」之三階段契約體系。其中,冷凍保存階段並非連貫之醫療行為,而屬民法之寄託契約,應適用《消費者保護法》第七條之無過失責任,防杜生殖機構利用定型化契約單方限縮賠償責任。最後,當發生可歸責於機構之卵細胞毀損事故時,損害填補不僅應參酌美國 Pacific Fertility Center 案之客觀量化指標以計算財產價值,更應肯認被害人請求非財產上損害賠償(精神慰撫金)之權利,以達成雙重法益之實質保障。
為徹底解決現行法制之規範空白,本文於政策與立法層面提出具體改革建議。第一,主管機關應建立官方數據庫,並開發專屬之「決策輔助工具」,協助女性釐清價值偏好,落實術前實質告知義務;第二,基於消保法精神,本文試研擬「冷凍卵細胞保存定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項」與「冷凍卵細胞保存定型化契約範本」,為生殖機構之保管義務劃定明確底線;第三,呼應行政院2025年《人工生殖法》修正草案之平權意旨,應儘速通過修法,賦予未婚單身女性及女同性婚姻者合法實施人工生殖之權利,全面解除解凍使用之法制枷鎖,落實女性實質且完整之生育自主權保障。
This study systematically examines the legal framework of Social Egg Freezing (SEF) in Taiwan—specifically informed consent, contractual liability, and damages—to safeguard women's reproductive autonomy against commercial information asymmetry.
Utilizing document analysis, legal dogmatics, and comparative law, the research establishes that cryopreserved oocytes are "human body parts" possessing a dual legal nature of property and personality rights.
Furthermore, SEF is deconstructed into a three-stage contractual framework. Crucially, the cryopreservation stage is identified as a bailment contract subject to the strict liability of Taiwan Consumer Protection Act, precluding unfair exculpatory clauses. In cases of storage failure, compensation must transcend mere refunds, comprehensively covering both objectively quantified property loss—referencing U.S. jurisprudence—and non-property emotional distress.
To resolve existing regulatory voids, this study concludes that the competent authority must establish an official information disclosure platform and implement Patient Decision Aids (PDAs) to ensure transparent clinical data and robust informed consent. Moreover, the government should promulgate the "Standard Form Contract for Cryopreserved Oocyte Storage"—as drafted in this study's appendices—to strictly define custodial obligations and fair dual-damages mechanisms, thereby fully realizing women's reproductive justice.
一、 中文文獻(按照作者姓氏筆畫排序)
(一) 專書
1. 王澤鑑(2011),民法總則,臺北:自版。
2. 王澤鑑(2012),人格權法—法釋義學、比較法、案例研究,臺北:自版。
3. 李淑明(2017),民法總則,臺北:元照。
4. 邱聰智(2005),民法總則(上),臺北:三民。
5. 林誠二(2012),民法總則新解—體系化解說(上),臺北:瑞興圖書。
6. 施啟揚(2011),民法總則,臺北:自版。
7. 陳明祥(2019),法政策學,二版增補資料,臺北:元照。
8. 陳聰富(2016),民法總則,臺北:元照。
9. 鄭玉波(2008),民法總則,臺北:三民。
10. 鄭冠宇(2021),民法總則,臺北:新學林。
11. Thomas Herzog著,朱柔若譯(1996),社會科學研究方法與資料分析(Research Methods and Data Analysis in the Social Sciences),臺北:揚智。
12. Natalie Lampert著,蔡丹婷譯(2025),大凍卵時代:一場關於選擇、控制與生育自由的真實故事(The Big Freeze: a reporter’s personal journey into the world of egg freezing and the quest to control our fertility),新北:感電。
(二) 期刊雜誌
1. 王富仙(2006),生殖細胞法律地位之探索,月旦法學雜誌,第138期,頁166-189。
2. 邱玟惠(2017),人體組織物採集之民事法律關係初探-從人體生物資料庫之建置談起,中原財經法學,第39期,頁79-128。
3. 邱玟惠(2009),屍體之法律性質:物權與人類尊嚴之二元結構初探,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第38卷第4期,頁335-384。
4. 邱聰智(1996),消費者保護法上商品責任之探討,消費者保護研究,第2輯,頁61-86。
5. 邱聰智(1998),評「適用消保法論斷醫師之責任」,臺大法學論叢,第27卷第4期,頁73-78。
6. 吳嘉苓、黃于玲、河政玉、陳韋宏、黃昱翔(2020),公平近用、預防風險或增長人口?-助孕科技公費補助的日韓台比較,臺灣民主季刊,第17卷第4期,頁49-104。
7. 洪彩慈、蕭雅琪、吳易霖、吳孟興、陳彩雲、李國鼎、郭耀隆(2022),「生育保護醫病共享決策輔助工具」互動式網頁發展與使用測試,台灣醫學雜誌,第26卷第4期,頁407-413。
8. 陳依如、陳明哲(2024),卵子冷凍保存之現況與展望,臺中榮民總醫院醫訊月刊,第314期,頁8-10。
9. 陳奕均、秦兆瑋、陳怡靜、陳俊旭、林佩勳(2022),運用醫病共享決策輔助工具降低決策引導員引導困難,醫療品質雜誌,第10卷第2期,頁27-46。
10. 陳聰富(2001)。消保法有關服務責任之規定在實務上之適用與評析,臺大法學論叢,第30卷第1期,頁73-112。
11. 郭素真、陳尹甄、鍾侑倫、林思妤、陳淑芬(2021),醫病共享決策之實證知識轉譯經驗:以自然產婦是否要施行減痛分娩為例,領導護理雜誌,第22卷第2期,頁13-29。
12. 黃于玲(2024),人工生殖決策輔助工具:試管嬰兒成功率預測網站,醫療品質雜誌,第18卷第3期,頁98-103。
13. 黃明陽(2013),消保法產品責任之法制研究,消費者保護研究,第18輯,頁1-48。
14. 楊秀儀(2005),美國「告知後同意」法則之考察分析,月旦法學雜誌,第121期,頁138-152。
15. 楊秀儀(2007),論病人自主權-我國法上「告知後同意」之請求權基礎探討,國立臺灣大學法學論叢,第36卷第2期,229-268頁。
16. 劉人瑋、曾碧萊、張景年(2017),以實證為基礎之決策輔助工具開發原則,醫療品質雜誌,第11卷第4期,頁25-30。
17. 顏厥安(2002),財產、人格,還是資訊?論人類基因的法律地位,臺大法學論叢,第31卷第1期,頁1-44。
(三) 學位論文
1. 邱玟惠(2005),臍帶血幹細胞及其衍生物之法律地位,東吳大學法律學系法律專業碩士班碩士論文。
2. 張瀞文(2017),論人體分離物之法律地位-以財產利用為中心,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。
3. 黃松茂(2008),人格權之財產性質-以人格特徵之商業利用為中心,國立臺灣大學法律學研究所碩士論文。
4. 藍琦萱(2022),冷凍人類卵子法律問題分析,臺北醫學大學醫療暨生物科技法律研究所碩士論文。
(四) 網路出版資料
1. 行政院內政部(2025),首次生產婦女之平均年齡(生第一胎平均年齡)。取自:https://www.gender.ey.gov.tw/gecdb/Stat_Statistics_DetailData.aspx?sn=lT4902z3YmLGBZadLKLSzQ%40%40&d=m9ww9odNZAz2Rc5Ooj%24wIQ%40%40(最後瀏覽日期:2026年6月30日)。
2. 台灣生殖醫學會(2020年),對於超高齡生育年齡婦女施行人工生殖立場聲明。取自:http://www.tsrm.org.tw/news/content.asp?id=70(最後瀏覽日:2026年6月30日)。
3. 台灣生殖醫學會(2018年),台灣生殖醫學會冷凍卵子指引2018。取自:http://www.tsrm.org.tw/news/content.asp?id=45(最後瀏覽日:2026年6月30日)。
4. 衛生福利部國民健康署官網(2023年),110年之人工生殖施行結果報告。取自:https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=233(最後瀏覽日:2026年6月30日)。
5. 衛生福利部國民健康署官網(2024年),111年之人工生殖施行結果報告。取自:https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=233(2026年6月30日)。
6. 衛生福利部國民健康署(2023年),精卵捐贈同意書(參考範例)。取自:https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=500&pid=439 (最後瀏覽日:2026年6月30日)。
7. 衛生福利部醫事司(2024年),美容醫學處置(含美容醫學針劑注射處置)同意書及說明書範本。取自:https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOMA/cp-3240-15604-106.html(最後瀏覽日:2026年6月30日)。
8. 衛生福利部食品藥物管理署(2013年),臍帶血保存定型化契約範本。取自:https://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/law.aspx?cid=88(最後瀏覽日期:2026年6月30日)。
9. 衛生福利部食品藥物管理署(2012年),臍帶血保存定型化契約應記載及不得記載事項。取自:https://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/law.aspx?cid=88(最後瀏覽日期:2026年6月30日)。
二、 外文文獻(按照作者姓氏字母排序)
(一) 專書
1. RUTH R. FADEN & TOM L. BEAUCHAMP (1986). A HISTORY AND THEORY OF INFORMED CONSENT.
(二) 期刊雜誌
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2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2014; reaffirmed 2022). Committee Opinion No. 589: Female Age- Related Fertility Decline. Fertility and Sterility 101(3), 633–634.
3. Baruch, S., Kaufman, D., & Hudson, K. L. (2008). Genetic Testing of Embryos: Practices and Perspectives of US in Vitro Fertilization Clinics. Fertility and sterility 89(5), 1053–1058.
4. Bayefsky, M. J., DE Cherney, A. H., & King, L. P. (2020). Respecting Autonomy—A Call for Truth in Commercial Advertising for Planned Oocyte Cryopreservation. Fertility and sterility 113(4), 743–744.
5. Bayefsky M. J. (2020). Legal and Ethical Analysis of Advertising for Elective Egg Freezing. The Journal of law, medicine & ethics: a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48(4), 748–764.
6. Beauchamp T. L. (2011). Informed consent: its history, meaning, and present challenges. Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees 20(4), 515–523.
7. Capps, Benjamin & Lin, Yun-Hsien & Voo, Teck Chuan. (2014). An Ethical Analysis of Human Elective Egg Freezing. Asian Bioethics Review volume 6(5), 1-59.
8. Carbone, J., & Cahn, N.R. (2013). The Gender/Class Divide: Reproduction, Privilege and the Workplace. FIU Law Review 8(2), 287-316.
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10. Christopher Barbey (2017). Evidence of Biased Advertising in the Case of Social Egg Freezing. The New Bioethics 23(3), 195–209.
11. Chronopoulou, E., Raperport, C., Sfakianakis, A., Srivastava, G., & Homburg, R. (2021). Elective Oocyte Cryopreservation for Age-Related Fertility Decline. Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 38(5), 1177–1186.
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