地面雷射掃瞄儀近年來在測量領域是一種三維資訊獲取的新興工具，然而使用者在實地外業測量前必須對儀器本身有一定程度的了解，才能評估地面雷射掃瞄儀能在應用上給予多大的幫助。地面雷射掃瞄儀可在短時間內快速獲取被掃瞄物表面高密度、高精度的3D點雲資料，提供豐富的資訊以進行被掃瞄物3D模型之重建，近年來已逐漸應用於測量、土木、防災、建築、古蹟維護、工廠管線配置等領域。

　　廠商並未必會提供地面雷射掃瞄的反射標，而實際作業時掃瞄距離、點密度及雷射光足跡會對反射標幾何中心定位時產生多大的影響也並不清楚。本研究模擬雷射掃瞄對人工標的反射情形，以圓形反射標為準，探討在不同因素下人工標的點雲分佈情形，並對反射標與稜鏡的定位誤差與精度加以分析，配合實驗結果比較理論模擬與實際實驗之異同。

　　本文希望能提出一個合適的誤差模式來對掃瞄誤差與精度做合理的解釋，並能在這模式下檢核得儀器的誤差來源，最後則對儀器存在的系統性誤差加以改正。考量地面雷射掃瞄測量理論與地面雷射掃瞄儀之掃瞄物理機制來建立一個合適的誤差模式，並在這誤差模式下探究單點定位誤差與精度的變化。另外再配合室內檢定方式對地面雷射掃瞄儀進行檢定工作，選定一合適檢定場並佈設反射標，以傳統測量方式與地面雷射掃瞄儀量測得的資料加以處理，求得地面雷射掃瞄儀誤差與精度。將經由理論模擬和檢定場實驗所得儀器掃瞄誤差與精度利用程式語言繪圖來展示，藉由人工判斷觀察兩者結果之異同，並嘗試從繪圖結果中找出造成系統性誤差之因子，最後以七參數轉換或七參數轉換加上附加參數來改正存在儀器掃瞄時的系統性誤差。

　　In recent years, the acquisition of 3D information from ground-based laser scanner has been recognized as a new technique in surveying engineering field. However, the users have to acquaint themselves with the laser scanner before measurement so that they can estimate the effects of the instrument. Ground-based laser scanner can easily acquire large amounts of elevation data in a short time that offer high density and accuracy information to create three dimensional models of buildings. These 3D models are used in a wide variety of applications such as building construction, disaster prevention, architecture, preserving the cultural assets, transmitter placement in telecommunication
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　　The manufactory might not provide the targets of the scanner. We do not firmly ascertain the influence of scanning distance, point density, and footprints on the geometric center of the targets during actual measurements. In this paper, we will imitate the target reflectance of the laser scanner. Based on the circle targets, we will discuss the point distribution of these man-made targets under different factors. Furthermore, we will analyze the orientation accuracy between the targets and the prism. Eventually, we will compare theoretical results with experimental ones.

　　In this paper, we would like to present an appropriate error model that we believe will significantly help in the explanation of scanner errors. We could acquire the cause of errors by this model. Then, we could rectify the systematic errors made by the scanner. Considering the measurement theory and the physical mechanism of the ground-based laser scanner, we could build an appropriate error model. Then, we could find out the variation of orientation accuracy in every single point. In addition, the next section discusses an indoor field for calibration purposes. The calibration approach used is based on setting up targets in an indoor field. We will deal with two method----traditional(total station) and laser scanner measurement, which results in the errors and accuracy of the laser scanner. We will present the two different error and accuracy models by using the computer graphic methods. We will compare these two results by means of human observation. Furthermore, we will try to figure out the systematic error factors from our graphic observation. Finally, we will use a seven-parameter transformation or a seven-parameter transformation with additional parameters methods to rectify the systematic errors caused by the scanning processing.

曾義星與史天元，『三維雷射掃瞄技術及其在工程測量上之應用』，第二十一屆測量學術及應用研討會，2002

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