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研究生：	陳妍君 Chen, Yen-Chun
論文名稱：	發展以文化為基礎之老人主動參與式創意生活服務-以台灣老人福利機構之服務內涵為出發點 Developing a Culture-Based Proactive Lifestyle of Senior Citizens - An Examination of Service Content at Senior Welfare Institutions in Taiwan
指導教授：	仲曉玲 Chung, Hsiao-Ling
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所 Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	182
中文關鍵詞：	老人主動參與式生活型態、老人安養機構、服務設計、文化創意產業
外文關鍵詞：	Cultural & Creative Industries, Proactive Lifestyle of Senior Citizens, Senior Welfare Institutions, Service Design
相關次數：	點閱：146 下載：15
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隨著高齡化社會的發展,台灣的老人安養機構已然成為服務老人的主要管道之一。近年來,安養機構開始重視休閒與文化活動對於老人心靈上的紓解,已與過去以醫療照護為主的服務不同。然而,近來仍有研究發現,機構老人對於機構安排的休閒活動鮮少主動提出需求和意見,並傾向於被動的參與。因此本研究發展以文化活動為基礎,老人主動參與導向之生活服務設計,期望能拓展老人安養機構服務內涵之多元性,並且以更貼近老人於人際互動的生活型態、透過文化服務活動來促進老人身心健康。

本研究是以探索型為導向的質性研究,研究目的主要為了解現今老人福利機構於文化活動上的服務內涵,以及了解機構老人於文化活動上,對於自身生活型態的需求及想像。在研究對象上,以台灣各地區以60歲以上且有自理照顧能力之老人為主要服務客群之兩間老人福利機構代表為個案研究單位,透過文獻分析法、深度訪談法及非參與觀察法等方法蒐集資料,並針對兩家機構的經營階層、社會工作者、藝文社團講師以及機構老人進行半結構性深入訪談,根據訪談資料分析機構於休閒服務裡安排文化活動的現況,以及機構老人在參與文化活動時,對於生活型態的影響。

研究發現,以老人興趣為導向的活動服務,能夠創造機構老人主動參與的生活型態。安養機構須要透過多方資源的連結與整合,才能提供一個能夠激發老人興趣的活動環境,並且提供機構老人足夠的活動選擇。另一方面,融合飲食、音樂及聲音元素的活動設計,特別能夠吸引老人的注意力,並且有利於激發老人的興趣。

Because of the low birthrate and increasing development of the Medical Biotechnology Industry, the aging population is on the increase in Taiwan. Senior welfare institutions are the main channel by which to serve senior citizens in Taiwan. In recent years, service content in senior welfare institutions has gradually combined leisure and cultural activities. They tend to put forth effort toward mental relaxation in addition to physical care. Nevertheless, recently related research has found that senior citizens rarely bring up their needs and desires for leisure and cultural activities at senior welfare institutions. They tend to be a passive audience. This research is exploration-oriented qualitative research, and intended to develop service guidelines for senior citizens based on cultural activities in order to broaden the diversification of service content at senior welfare institutions, understand residents’ interests and opinions regarding their lifestyle, and encourage residents to participate in cultural activities actively while residing at senior welfare institutions. As the research target, two senior welfare institutions which serve senior citizens who are more than 60 years old and have self-cared ability in Taiwan are selected. Data is collected mainly through a literature survey, semi-structured in-depth interviews, and non- participant observations.
In conclusion, this research suggests that interest-oriented activities offered by institutions can create proactive lifestyles of senior citizens. What a senior welfare institution can do is to offer an environment that can trigger senior citizens’ interests in which the services related to interests-oriented activities are based on plentiful integrated resources so that there are enough choices available. Furthermore, it was found that activities with food-related and music-related elements can attract the attention of senior citizens and are good for triggering their interests.

Abstract..............................................................................................................................................................................II

Chapter 1: Introduction
1-1 Research Background........................................................................................................................................01
1-2 Research Motivation...........................................................................................................................................01
1-3 Research Objectives............................................................................................................................................03
1-4 Research Questions.............................................................................................................................................03

Chapter 2: Literature Review
2-1 Evolution of Service Content in the Healthcare & Longevity Industry.............................04
2-1.1 Definition and Scope of the Healthcare & Longevity Industry in Taiwan..............................................04
2-1.2 From the Healthcare Industry to the Healthcare & Longevity Industry..................................................04
2-1.3 From the Healthcare & Longevity Industry to Practice in Senior Welfare Institutions........................05

2-2 The Development of Cultural Activity Services for Senior Citizens.....................................06
2-2.1 From “Successful Aging” to “Creative Aging”............................................................................................06
2-2.2 The Cultural Consumption of Senior Citizens.............................................................................................12

2-3 Lifestyle Changes in Senior Citizens........................................................................................................16
2-3.1 Definition and Scope of Lifestyle: “Activities, Interests, Opinions”......................................................16
2-3.2 Lifestyle Issues of Senior Citizens: Needs are Changing..........................................................................17
2-3.3 Senior Citizens’ attachment to Family from Background of Chinese Culture.......................................24

2-4 The Service Providers & Operation pattern in Social Welfare Systems...........................25
2-4.1 Trend of Policy and Current Situation of Senior Welfare Institution......................................................25
2-4.2 Evolution of Service Content at Senior Welfare Institutions....................................................................27
2-4.3 Service Providers and Stakeholders in the Social Welfare System.........................................................32


Chapter 3: Research Design 
3-1 Research Concept & Research Framework.......................................................................................35
3-1.1 Research Concept............................................................................................................................................35
3-1.2 Research Framework & Process...................................................................................................................36
3-2 Research Method.................................................................................................................................................37
3-2.1 Case Study........................................................................................................................................................37
3-2.2 Criteria for Case Selection.............................................................................................................................37
3-2.3 Method of Data collection & Theoretical Framework..............................................................................39
3-2.4 Method of Data analysis.................................................................................................................................40


Chapter 4: Data Analysis: Kaohsiung Institution
4-1 Case Introduction: Senior Housing, Home of Philanthropy in Kaohsiung....................43

4-2 Data analysis Process: Open coding, Axial coding & Selective Coding............................46
4-2.1 Open Coding: Management, Lifestyle, and Leisure services…………..................................................46
4-2.2 Axial Coding: Necessity of institution→ Life Quality of Senior Citizens...........................................47
4-2.3 Selective Coding: from Stimulate interaction to Close Relationships...................................................48

4-3 Service Content in Senior Welfare Institutions................................................................................49
4-3.1 Social Worker Services: “Institutional Activities” & “Family Interaction” .........................................49
4-3.2 Improvements & Innovation: “Service Patterns” & “Resource Connections”.....................................57
4-3.3 Summary: Position of a Social Worker, Nurse & Manager.....................................................................64

4-4 Lifestyle of Senior Citizens............................................................................................................................67
4-4.1 Activities: Express interests and specialties & Collective Participation................................................67
4-4.2 Interests: Good Self-Cultivation & Enjoy Food and Sound-related Elements......................................68
4-4.3 Opinions: Fixed Pattern Services & Enough Physical Ability.................................................................71
4-4.4 Summary: Lifestyle of Regular Pattern which is Full of Food-Related Activities...............................79


Chapter 5: Data Analysis: Tainan Institution
5-1 Case Introduction: Kang-Ning-Yuan, Home of Philanthropy in Tainan......................82
5-2 Process of data analysis: Open coding, Axial coding & Selective Coding....................86
5-2.1 Open Coding: Position of Social-Worker, Activities Design, Resources Integration......................86
5-2.2 Axial Coding: Necessity of institution→ Fruitful Result of Participation........................................86
5-2.3 Selective Coding: from Resources Integration to High Participation.................................................86
5-3 Service Content in Senior Welfare Institutions............................................................................89
5-3.1 Social Worker Services: “Institution Activities” & “Community Resources”..................................89
5-3.2 Improvements & Innovation: “Service Patterns” & “Resource Connections”................................102
5-3.3 Summary: Position of Social Worker.....................................................................................................115
5-4 Lifestyle of Senior Citizens......................................................................................................................118
5-4.1 Activities: Express thoughts and Specialties & High Independence................................................118
5-4.2 Interests: Making Crafts for the Occasions & Music-Related Elements.........................................120
5-4.3 Opinions: Designing Senior Courses & Breakthrough Physical Restrictions................................121
5-4.4 Summary: Necessity of Connecting Resources from the Community.............................................122

Chapter 6: Discussion & Conclusions
6-1 Discussion...........................................................................................................................................................125
6-1.1 Activities & Interaction: Enhance Life Quality of Senior Citizens...................................................125
6-1.2 Feedback System: Interests in Food-related and Music-related Elements.......................................126
6-1.3 Social Implication: Position & Service Content of a Social-Worker................................................126
6-2 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................................127
6-2.1 Service Content of Cultural Activities at Senior Welfare Institution                          
: Living-Culture and Non-Structure Cultural Activities.....................................................................127
6-2.2 Residential Situation and Lifestyle of Institutional Senior Citizens
: Need Close Attention and Platform to Express themselves............................................................129
6-2.3 The Influence of Cultural Activities on Lifestyle of Senior Citizens
: Interest-Oriented Activities can Create Proactive Lifestyles of Senior Citizens..........................131
6-2.4 Summary: Culture-Based Service Guidelines.......................................................................................133
6-3 Suggestion & Service Guidelines towards Institutions...........................................................134
6-4 Research Limitations & Contributions............................................................................................135
References....................................................................................................................................................................137
Appendices...................................................................................................................................................................142
Appendix-1: Terms Interpretation.......................................................................................................................142
Appendix-2: Outline of Semi-Structure In-depth Interview for Kaohsiung Case......................................144
Appendix-3: Process of Axial Coding for Kaohsiung Case...........................................................................146
Appendix-4: Process of Selective Coding for Kaohsiung Case....................................................................163
Appendix-5: Outline of Semi-Structure In-depth Interview for Tainan Case.............................................164
Appendix-6: Process of Axial Coding for Tainan Case..................................................................................166

List of Tables
Table 1: Examples of Cultural Producers from “Culture and Creative Industry”........................................09
Table 2: Examples of Works from Cultural Producers......................................................................................10
Table 3: Definition of Lifestyle.............................................................................................................................16
Table 4: Three maturity groups in lifestyle analysis..........................................................................................22
Table 5: Categories of Senior Welfare Institutions............................................................................................29
Table 6: Needs of Leisure and Education for Senior Citizens.........................................................................32
Table 7: Evaluation of Senior Welfare Institutions in 2013.............................................................................34
Table 8: Data collection and Interview Issues....................................................................................................40
List of Figures
Figure 1: Framework for referring factors that influence the life adjustment of senior citizens................17
Figure 2: Relationship of Stakeholders................................................................................................................33
Figure 3: Research Concept...................................................................................................................................35
Figure 4: Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Interviews............................................................................41
Figure 5: Diagram of Institution Interior.............................................................................................................44
Figure 6: Model of Axial coding in Kaohsiung..................................................................................................47
Figure 7: Model of Selective Coding in Kaohsiung..........................................................................................48
Figure 8: “Service Content” at senior welfare institution in Kaohsiung........................................................66
Figure 9: “Service Content” & “Lifestyle” in Kaohsiung Institution.............................................................81
Figure 10: Model of Axial coding in Tainan.......................................................................................................87
Figure 11: Model of Selective coding in Tainan.................................................................................................88
Figure 12: Institutional Activities in Tainan........................................................................................................98
Figure 13: Senior Courses in Tainan...................................................................................................................110
Figure 14: Connection between Activities & Courses in Tainan....................................................................113
Figure 15: “Service Content” at senior welfare institution in Tainan............................................................117
Figure 16: “Service Content” & “Lifestyle” in Tainan Institution.................................................................123
Figure 17: Model of Selective Coding in Tainan..............................................................................................124
Figure 18: Comparison between the two institutions.......................................................................................125
Figure 19: Comparing Analysis of Service Content between Kaohsiung & Tainan Institution................128
Figure 20: Comparing Analysis of Lifestyle between Kaohsiung & Tainan Institution.............................130
Figure 21: Comparison of Lifestyle’s Elements between the two institutions.............................................133

                                    

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校內：2014-05-01公開
校外：2014-05-01公開

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