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| 研究生： |
簡子翔 ZIH-SIANG,JIAN, |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱： |
過度外展對於棒球投手的肩關節受力所造成的影響 The Effect of Hyperabduction on Joint Loading in Baseball Pitchers |
| 指導教授： |
王榮泰
Wang, Rong-tyai |
| 共同指導教授: |
周伯禧
Chou, Pei-hsi |
| 學位類別： |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱： |
工學院 - 工程科學系 Department of Engineering Science |
| 論文出版年： | 2018 |
| 畢業學年度： | 106 |
| 語文別： | 中文 |
| 論文頁數： | 192 |
| 中文關鍵詞： | 棒球 、投手 、肌肉衰退率 、運動學 、動力學 、shoulder vertical abduction 、hyperabduction syndrome 、power T |
| 外文關鍵詞： | baseball, pithcer, kinematics, kinetics, shoulder vertical abduction, hyperabduction syndrome |
| 相關次數： | 點閱：90 下載：5 |
| 分享至: |
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前言:
根據以往的文獻，棒球投手在投擲的過程中，前導腳著地時刻點前後是非常重要的時刻，在這瞬間投手骨盆及軀幹開始進行轉動，同時也是下肢開始儲存能量並將其傳送到投手的慣用手的時刻。此外，這個時刻也是許多投手將手肘抬高的時刻，而許多教練要求投手盡量將手肘舉得高於肩膀，並將其稱為Power T，認為此舉可以增加投手投球的威力。本研究將記錄投手投球過程，於前導腳著地瞬間，量測其慣用手之肩關節垂直外展角度(shoulder vertical abduction angle)，將小於80度以下的投手歸納為一個族群，大於90度以上的歸納為一個族群，於Cortex程式或是高速影片中表現不明顯的選手的則不納入實驗之中。
目的:
本研究宗旨在透過3-D動作分析針對投手於前導腳著地時刻點瞬間，其肩關節垂直外展角度(Shoulder vertical abduction angle)小於80度及大於90度兩族群投手投擲直球時對於其運動學、動力學及作功的差異，並進一步探討不同投球方式於投手所造成的影響。
方法:
本研究將受測者分為兩族群，分別為前導腳著地時刻點，投手肩關節垂直外展角度(Shoulder vertical abduction angle)小於80度(Group1)以及大於90度(Group2)兩族群。本實驗於戶外棒球投手丘上使用頻率300fps的三維動作分析系統擷取投手投擲直球動作的過程並導入matlab程式進行模擬並計算投手的運動學、動力學及作功再導入spss進行統計。統計方法使用重複測量變異數分級配對T檢定分析，比較兩族群間生物力學差異。設p<0.05為顯著差異。
結果:
年齡、身高及體重方面，兩族群並未達到顯著差異;球速表現方面，Group2族群平均較Group1族群快，但兩族群並未達到顯著差異;而在準確度方面，Group1族群所獲得的評分明顯高於Group2族群所獲得的評分;靜態關節活動度方面，兩族群皆未達到顯著差異;肌力衰退率方面，Group2族群在肩關節內收及外旋方面，肌力衰退率明顯大於Group1族群。
兩族群投擲直球的運動學分析中，81項運動學參數中，有31項達到統計上的差異。33項動力參數中，有15項達到統計上的差異，標準化之後則有16項達到統計上的差異。16項作功參數中，則有五項達到統計上的差異。
討論與結論:
結果顯示，在許多肩關節及肘關節的動力學作用力上，Group2族群的受力明顯較Group1族群多，特別是在各時期投手肩關節所受下側力及肘關節外翻力矩。而對照於兩族群投手對於骨盆及軀幹的使用方式及肩肘的受力，本研究認為Group2族群在投球這方面明顯較依賴肩及肘的力量去進行投球，再加上對投手投球過程中各時刻點進行分析，Group2族群在手臂加速時期維持較長的時間，且在這個時期，Group2族群在肩、肘方面皆保持較大的功，本研究亦認為這種投球機制可能造成投手受傷的風險增加。
對於投手來說，本研究較建議投手在投擲的過程中，盡量讓手肘的位置低於其肩關節，這是讓投球的手臂在施力前，保持手臂肌肉在相對輕鬆且具有彈性的狀態，並適當的協調骨盆及軀幹旋轉啟動的時間及到達最高旋轉角速度的時間，如此在前導腳著地時刻點之後的投球過程中較可以減少其肩、肘受力且對於其球速不會造成太大的影響。
SUMMARY
Many studies showed that the hyperabduction is a possible risk factor to overhand athletes. Defined foot contact timing was the start of pitching cycle, and ball release was defined the end of pitching cycle. Twenty four pitchers with shoulder vertical abduction angle under 80 degree and twenty pitchers with shoulder vertical abduction angle over 90 degree, they were recruited in this study. All subjects pitched at an outdoor mound. Three dimensional motion analysis system with 8 CCD cameras were used to measure whole body kinematics at 300 Hz. Pitchers were defined as Group1 (under 80° group) if their throwing shoulders displayed less than 80° vertical abduction angle at the foot contact, and pitchers were defined as Group2 (over 90° group) if their throwing shoulders displayed more than 90° vertical abduction at the foot contact. This study showed that shoulder horizontal abduction angle,shoulder vertical abduction angle, forearm pronation angle, trunk backforwardd angle,trunk rotation angle and pelvis rotation angle were significantly different at the instant of foot contact (FC) between Group1 and Group2. These results indicated that shoulder vertical abduction angle, pelvis rotation and trunk rotation at FC timing changed the pitching mechanism, affecting the upper torso kinetics and kinematics at the whole pitching cycle. It would further affect their accuracy and performance. Further, we found Group2 pitchers didn’t effectively utilize the body rotation during the pitching motion, and it would lead to restraint of the pitching performance. From the result of kinetics, Group2 displayed a greater shoulder force/moment in their throwing arm as compared with Group1. The greater force/moment in the Group2 will increase the loading on biceps, rotator cuff and para-scapular muscle which may further increase the risk of shoulder injuries. Such as shoulder impingement syndrome or thoraic outlet syndrome. Group1 pitchers and Group2 pithcers have similarity in pitching speed. However, Group2 pitchers presented a little faster ball speed than Group1,but Group1 is more accurate than Group2. Group2 with a great shoulder and elbow total work in the arm acceleration phase which can also increase the risk of elbow injuries. These findings are useful for pitchers and coaches to have a better understanding of pitching biomechanics in pitchers shoulder vertical abduction at foot contact. Further training program or improvement ways may be necessary to improve pitching motion and decrease the risk of injury.
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